The purpose of this study was to monitor nursing care provided in association with endotracheal suction, and particularly to identify the physiological and behavioral responses of preterm infants to nursing care provided after endotracheal suction.
The subjects were four preterm infants undergoing respiratory management. Their post conceptional age at the time of observation was 26 to 35 weeks, and their mean body weight was 792.5g.
Nursing care provided in association with endotracheal suction and the infants' heart rate, oxygen saturation, stress signs, and sleep-wakefulness state were systematically monitored every 2 minutes from 5 minutes before the start of endotracheal suction until 20 minutes after its completion.
Multiple kinds of care, including maintenance in the prone position and flexed posture, and provision of tactile stimulation were provided after endotracheal suction. A total of 45 settings in which several different kinds of care were provided were classified as the“multiple care group”, and 70 settings in which the infants adopted the prone or side lying position as the“single care group”, and the infants' responses were analyzed accordingly.
Stress signs decreased more rapidly, the duration of quiet sleep was longer, and the latency until the start of quiet sleep was significantly shorter in the multiple care group in comparison with the single care group.
These results suggest that the use of multiple kinds of care after invasive stimulation in the form of endotracheal suction is an effective nursing method for organizing the motor and state of preterm infants.

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The Hanshin-Awaji earthquake which happened on January 17, 1995 caused tremendous size of disastrously effect on people's daily life. The purposes of this study are: 1) to identify the course of life effect on the mother and child of those who had been child bearing cycle at the time of earth quake and 2) to investigate the possible method of providing necessary maternal-child care during future disaster area by ordinance. Since this area was suburb of the core disaster area, the damage on the house by fire or collapse. The subjects of this study were 68 mother who came to infant and three year's physical examination that provided by city public health center. The semi-structured interview was conducted. The data were analyzed quantitively by basic statistics and case study method for qualitative data.
Following results were found. 1) There were plausible change in mother and child's environment after the earth quake by the result of direct and indirect effects. 2) Due to environmental change, some patterns, such as sleeplessness, sensitiveness were observed in physical and psychological status of the mother and child. The change of status were observed at the beginning and disappeared by the time passage. In few cases, the change of status had persisted even after half year had passed.
From the result, the recommendation for establishing maternal-child support system during disaster is proposed. Those are 1) to disseminate the necessary knowledge from immediately after the disastrous event, 2) to establish some temporary advise corner by professional, 3) to establish professional network for keeping necessary database which could be shared or used in case of emergency situation, and 4) to do a follow up study to find lasting effect on child bearing family.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the decrease of body mass index (BMI) and alterations in life-related clinical features of the hospitalized elderly with senile dementia, including: appetite loss, manifestation of wandering, and a shift to the bed-ridden stage. The data were collected retrospectively from patients' medical and nursing records. The dementia group was defined as 33 patients (male/female=10/23, age=72.1 ± 11.2), which included those with Alzheimer's disease (13), senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (10), and senile dementia (10). The non-dementia group was defined as 10 psychiatric patients (male/female=2/8, age=78.1 ± 6.7), with no diagnosis of dementia.
Upon these patients' admissions, no significant differences were found between the BMIs of the dementia group and that of the non-dementia group. Significant changes in the BMIs of the dementia group were found between their admissions (21.9Kg/m²) and the point of investigation (18.6Kg/m2) (P < 0.01). On the other hand, no significant changes were found in the BMIs of the non-dementia group during their hospitalization.
Regarding the dementia group, BMIs have significantly decreased in all of the following groups: those with manifestations of wandering; those with appetite loss; and those without these symptoms. The BMIs of the bed-ridden group in the dementia group significantly decreased from their admissions (18.4Kg/²) to their early bed-ridden stages (16.2 Kg/m²)(P < 0.05), and from their admissions to the point of investigation (15.3 Kg/²)(P < 0.01). The BMIs of the non bed-ridden patients in the dementia group also decreased significantly from their admissions (23.7Kg/m²) to the point of investigation (20.2 Kg/m²)(P < 0.01).
Body weight loss and BMI decrease was significantly associated with the diagnosis of dementia and the shift to the bed-ridden stage, but was not associated with manifestation of wandering or appetite loss among the life-related clinical variables. The findings of this study suggest that BMI can be an effective indicator to assess and detect the care-needs of patients with senile dementia.

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The present study examines the factors related to the onset of ileus in patients who underwent laparotomy and then discharged. Thirty-two patients experienced a total of 57 episodes of ileus following laparotomy for gastric or colon cancer. In these patients, we investigated factors related to onset of ileus with respect to: 1) differences between the first and subsequent episodes, and 2) differences between the onset in patients who only experienced one episode and the first episode of recurrent patients.
The results were as follows: 1) the first onset correlated with a "lack of knowledge about ileus","lack of knowledge about food","events" and "sense of recovery". 2)"lack of knowledge about ileus" was related to the change from a sub-ileac condition to ileus. 3) "intake of foods that should be avoided" correlated with "lack of knowledge about food" and "over-eating". 4) When combined with "fatigue intake of foods that should be avoided" or "over-eating"."events" was most closely related to ileus. 5) Patients who underwent gastric surgery resumed their preoperative life-style once they felt a "sense of recovery", thus leading to the onset of ileus, and 6) When patients were educated about the ileus, recurrence was most strongly related to the surgically treated organ rather than postoperative lifestyle.
These findings suggest that recurrence of ileus can be prevented by educating patients about the appropriate behavior, including food preparation and activities that can affect their subileac condition, in a timely manner following laparotomy.

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