JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
Online ISSN : 1349-838X
Print ISSN : 0019-2341
ISSN-L : 0019-2341
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Volume 76, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • Practical method for evaluating the error caused by imperfect V (λ) matching
    Rie Ohtsuka, Yoshihiro Ohno, Hideo Nishiyama
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 49-55
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_49
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    A practical method for evaluating the error caused by imperfect V (λ) matching is developed. The method uses the color correction factor (KHg) of a detector for a clear-bulb high pressure mercurylamp as its evaluation value. Using various spectral response data of 81 photometric detector models and of 77 actual detectors, the correlation between the value KHg, in addition to the evaluation value k (400-760 nm) of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS-C-1609) and the evaluation value f1' recommended by CIE, and the color correction factors for 33 other kinds of discharge lamps is analysed. The results show that the value KHg obtained by this method gives as good a correlation with the maximum color correctionfactors for other discharge lamps as the evaluation value f1' does. The evaluation value k of JIS, on the other hand, gives poor correlation. Since the value KHg can be measured quickly using a standard incandescent lamp and a high pressure mercury lamp, this method is useful as a practical method for evaluating the spectral matching of photometric detectors.
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  • Far Infrared Radiating Properties of Natural Zeolite and Its Application to a Heater
    Yoshihiro Sasaki, Noboru Yoshimura, Jouji Matsumoto, Haruo Taguchi, Sh ...
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 56-61
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_56
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    Recently, the heating technology due to far infrared radiation has been applied to various fields such as industry, agriculture, medical engineering and so on. This is because of higher heating efficiency and lower operating cost.
    This paper describes far infrared radiating properties of natural zeolite and its apply the heater. The spectral emissivity on natural zeolite was measured at the wavelength range from 2.5μm to 25μm, at the surface temperature of 400°C. The spectral emissive properties of natural zeolite was compared with those of other oxide-ceramics. From the results, it was found that the spectral emissivity of the natural zeolite was higher than that of the others. Temperature rising of the agar based on radiation from a natural zeolite heater and other oxide-ceramic heaters was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the natural zeolite was available as radiative material for the far infrared heater.
    Absorbing properties of water at far infrared region was investigated. The most of energy of incident far infrared ray to the water was absorbed in very shallow surface layer about 80μm depth.
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  • Development of dichroic reflector based on plastic films
    Tatuo Maruyama, Koji Sato
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 62-67
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_62
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    This paper describes the development of new dichroic reflector using the substrate of plastic film. The conventional substrate of dichroic reflectors for spot-lights is made of glass or aluminum, and recently the plastic substrate by injection molding is available.
    So, at first, concerning characteristic as to reflector, three kinds of substrate, glass, aluminum, and plastic are compared with. As the result of comparison, we consider plastic films are applied to substrates of dichroic reflector. Examining heat resistance, stability, and optical characteristics of new dichroic reflectors using plastic films, sufficient results for reflector of spot-light are obtained. Especially, deposited protective coating on reflecting surface, higher stability is obtained. So, the spot-light using asymmetric reflector made of plastic film with 12V 50W halogen-lamp has been developed.
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  • Simulation Model for Voltage-current Characteristics of Low Pressure Discharge Tubes in Low Frequency Operation
    Yoshio Watanabe
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 68-73
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_68
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    A new model describing voltage-current (VL-I) characteristics of a low pressure discharge tube is proposed for the use of analysing the properties of the circuit including the discharge tubes. The model is based on the continuity equation for electron number density, where the ionization frequency is expressed by Townsend coefficient. In result, the discharge voltage is given as followed.
    From reignition phase to discharge diminishing phase: V= {Q3+ (1/I) (dl/dt)} / (Q1+ Q2I) .
    From discharge diminishing phase to next reignition phase: VL= (VE/ IE) I exp {Q3 (t-TE)} .
    The constants in the formulas are determined from the observed discharge waveform. The calculated discharge voltage waveforms agree well with the measured ones in several source voltages with two types of hallast, and in different operation temperatures of the discharge tube.
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  • Discharge parameters in Xe/ He and Xe/ Ne gas mixtures and their differences: Boltzmann equation analysis
    Yosuke Sakai, Sadao Sawada, Takashi Ohsawa
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 74-80
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_74
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    The electron swarm parameters in Xe/ He and Xe/ Ne gas mixtures were analyzed usinga Boltzmann equation in which generation of secondary electrons through Penning and cumulative ionization, and ionization collision between two metastable Xe atoms as well as direct eletron collision ionization were taken intoconsideration. The ionization coefficient and the excitation frequency to the resonace level of Xe in Xe/ Ne at low E/ N regions were considerably larger than those in Xe/ He. The other swarm parameters in both gas mixtures were compared and discussed.
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  • Driver's Ability to Recognize Forward View and Head-Up Display Images in Automotive Application II
    Dependency on the depression Angle of Displayed Images
    Shigeru Okabayashi, Masao Sakata, Toyohiko Hatada
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 81-90
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_81
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    Although originally developed for aircraft use, head-up displays have found application automobiles recently.
    Although originally developed for aircraft use, head-up displays have found application automobiles recently.
    The position of the displayed image, which is mainly determined by distance, depression angle and boldness of the HUD images, is the most important factor in designing better HUDs for automobiles. In a previous paper, we discussed the relation between the distance of the HUD image and task completion. In this paper, how the depression of angie of HUD images affects completion of the task is investigated by the double task method. The task of reading the HUD image rarely affects recognition of the forward view whether the depression angle is large or not. The lager the depression angle becomes, the more difficult it is to recognize the HUD images. However, there is finite optimal range of depression angle, which is approximately from 0 degree to 5 degrees. This paper also discusses how to determine the parameters to designbetter HUD for automobiles.
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  • Discrimination of Light Intensity Variation
    Takashi Irikura, Yoshiro Aoki, Tetsuo Taniguchi
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 91-95
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_91
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    It is necessary to clarify the appearance of light intensity variation for an automatic control of aeronautical ground lights. The authors carried out an experiment on the observation of point source varying in ramps slowly in order to obtain the relations between the light intensity variation thresholds and the background luminance, the variation speed, etc.
    The results are follows:
    (1) As the background luminance increaces, the intensity variation rate I/I0 at the intensity variation threshold decreases when the light intensity varies to higher side, and the I/I0 increases when the light intensity varies to lower side. The trend is notable when the light intensity varies to higher side.
    (2) The intensity variation value at the threshold increases as the variation time increaces. The trend is notable when the light intensity varies to higher side. The discrimination of light intensity variation is independent of the variation time which is less than 1 sec.
    (3) The intensity variation threshold on the dynamic observation is larger than that on the static observation.
    (4) 12 intensity setting taps are required when the variation time is 1 sec, and 10 taps are required when the time is 5sec so that the intensity variation may not badly affect the pilots.
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  • Illuminance calculation within the shadow affected by reflected light
    Yoshihiko Ohtani, Akio Takubo, Tetsuo Yamaya
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 96-98
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_96
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  • High illuminance and sleepiness in night
    Naoyoshi Nameda, Naoki Matsunaga, Masao Itoh, Mitsuo Sasaki
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 99-101
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_99
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Tatsumi Hiramoto
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 102-104
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_102
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages plate1
    Published: February 01, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.2_plate1
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