In the course of a floristic study of Mt. Victoria, western Myanmar, 84 specimens of Ranunculaceae have thus far been collected. As a result of identifications, the enumeration of the family occurring in Mt. Victoria are presented here for material for the Flora of Myanmar. In total 17 taxa in the Ranunculaceae, belonging to the genera; Aconitum, Anemone, Delphinium, Clematis, Ranunculus and Thalictrum, were recorded from Mt. Victoria, and of these Aconitum jin-muratae Kadota & Nb. Tanaka, Clematis pseudopterantha Kadota & Nb. Tanaka and Thalictrum tamurae Kadota & Nb. Tanaka are described and illustrated as new to science. Anemone tomentosa and Delphinium caeruleum are newly recorded from Myanmar.

Phylogenetic relationships of 35 species and one subspecies of Lespedeza and four species representing related genera (2 species of Kummerowia, 1 species of Campylotropis and 1 species of Dendrolobium) in tribe Desmodieae (Leguminosae) were explored with chloroplast DNA sequences of trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer regions. Maximum parsimony, neighbor joining and maximum likelihood analyses constructed trees of almost the same topologies resolving 1) the monophyly of Lespedeza and Kummerowia, 2) the two main clades of Lespedeza consisted of Asian species and North American species, 3) two main clades in North American species, and 4) the monophyly of subgenus Macrolespedeza. The monophyly of the genus Lespedeza and that of the subgenus Lespedeza were not supported by the present results. The two main clades dividing the genus Lespedeza are supported by seedling morphology. Moreover, the two main clades of North American species are congruent with the traditional separation into two groups based on the color and morphology of flowers. The intercontinental relationships between North American and Asian species proposed by Maximowicz (1873) were not supported by the present study, while the separation of Asian species from North American ones by Schindler (1913) was almost supported. The present result suggests that earlier divergence had occurred in Asia resulting into two lineages in Lespedeza, and then one of them remained in Asia and the other migrated to North America. After the isolation of both lineages speciation had occurred independently in Asia and North America.

Vaccinium venosum Wight has been rediscovered from Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh, NE India, after a lapse of seventy-five years. The species is provided with detailed description, citation, types, distribution map, illustration and note on its stomata, leaf-areoles and pollen.

Three amendments are made in Codariocalyx: (1) Codariocalyx Hasskal is in proposal for conservation against Codariocalyx, an orthographic variant, with C. conicus Hasskal as the type; (2) Codariocalyx gyroides is attributed to Schindler published in 1928 as C. gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Hasskal ex Schindl.; (3) Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi continuously varies in pod from glabrous to hairy.

Маркович, the author of Citrus unshiu is transliterated variously, such as Marcovitch， Markovich, Markovitch and Marcowicz. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature recommends that author names should be described in conformity to Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt and Powell 1992), where Маркович is transliterated as Marcowicz, its standard form is “Marcow.” Therefore the author name of Citrus unshiu should be written as “Marcow.”

Before the publication of Citrus unshiu by Marcowicz (1921), both Citrus nobilis Lour. subsp. genuina Tanaka var. unshiu Tanaka (1912) and C. nobilis Lour. var. unshiu Swingle (1914) were published. Tanaka’s publication is wanting in morphological description. While Swingle made morphological description in detail enough for valid publication. In conclusion the epithet “unshiu” should be attributed to Swingle (1914). The correct name of the species in question is consequently Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow.

Species and numbers of flower-visiting moths were observed during 1985 to 2009 by Ikenoue at various sites in western and central Japan. As a result, 853 moth species on 177 flowering plants were recorded. All of them were found sucking nector. It is clear that most of them contribute to pollen transportation by giving proof of pollen mass sticking on their proboscis, antennae, limbs and other body portions. Some of them probably are nectar robbers. Family composition of moths visiting each plant species is compared and found that the members of Noctuidae, Geometridae and Crambidae are dominant visitors for most of flowers. Observed relationship between plant and moths are described briefly. List of flowers not visited by moth is also presented.