Since Desmodium (Leguminosae) was recognized as polyphyletic in 2018, it has been revised to reflect the monophyletic relationships of the species. This paper deals with the last two remaining species previously placed in Desmodium in Asia and Australia, D. varians (Labill.) G.Don and D. siamense (Schindl.) Craib. The former is transferred to Grona, as G. varians (Labill.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, comb. nov., based on molecular phylogenetic analyses; the latter is transferred to Ototropis, as O. siamensis (Schindl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, comb. nov., based on morphological studies. No native species of Desmodium, therefore, occur in Asia or Australia. A new combination Grona reticulata (Champ. ex Benth.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, comb. nov. is also proposed. Grona strigillosa was proved to be sister to all species of Grona examined so far, while G. heterophylla is sister to all Australian species of the genus. Desmodium of New Caledonia is enumerated in the current names including a new combination Oxytes deplanchei var. ovalifolia (Däniker) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, comb. nov. (Continued from J. Jpn. Bot. 95(5): 259–272, 2020)

Aeschynanthus lineatus Craib, previously known from Southern China, Myanmar and Thailand, is reported for the first time from India.

Fi cus johannis Boiss . subsp. afghanistanica (Warb.) Browicz (Moraceae) is reported here as a new distributional record for India from Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra states. Detailed description, photographs and a key for allied

taxa are provided to facilitate easy identification.

Hoya oreogena Kerr (Apocynaceae), so far known from Thailand and Myanmar, is reported for the first time from India. Synonimization of H. salweenica Tsiang & P.T.Li and H. revolubilis Tsiang & P.T.Li has also been made. Its distribution extends to China.

The name Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. var. distichus C.E.C.Fisch. (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) is shown here to be a heterotypic synonym of H. fischerianus Bor.

As a part of the taxonomic revision of the genus Themeda (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in India, four names are lectotypified: T. cymbaria Hack., T. huttonenis Bor, T. laxa (Andersson) A.Camus and T. tremula (Nees ex Steud.) Hack.

Najas minor All. (Hydrocharitaceae), hitherto known in areas south of Aomori Prefecture in Japan, was newly recorded in Hokkaido, which updates its northern limit in Japan. Individuals were found in two lakes in the Tokachi region, eastern Hokkaido: Toyokoro-Onuma lake, located in the back-swamp of the Tokachi River; and Oikamanaito lake, a marine lake on the Tokachi Coast. In the former, only a few individuals were collected, which were identified by molecular analysis and morphological examination. In Oikamanaito lake, individuals were consistently found during field-works in 2018–2019. It is difficult to clarify the process or timing of establishment as there are no previously published data on aquatic flora for these lakes.

Pinguicula primuliflora C.E.Wood & R.K.Godfrey (Lentibulariaceae), a North American endemic butterwort species, has been present in the wild in Japan for a few decades. Based on voucher specimen studies and field observations by the author, at least six non-native locations were found, four of which have been confirmed to exist in Aichi and Okayama Prefectures. Although it is rather rare to find the species in the native habitats in the southeastern United States, it produces clonal plants and often forms large colonies in acid wetlands. It also behaves similarly in small acid wetlands in Japan. The population size of the species at a wetland in Bizen, Okayama Prefecture increased 200 times in the 15 years from 2004 to 2019. To prevent further expansion of the species in the country, it is necessary to uncover the current situation and ecology. The most recent information concerning P. primuliflora in Japan is provided here.

Schoenoplectiella ×osoreyamensis (M.Kikuchi) Hayasaka, a putative hybrid between S. orthorhizomata (Kats.Arai & Miyam.) Hayasaka and S. triangulata (Roxb.) J.Jung & H.K.Choi, hitherto recorded only from Aomori Pref., northernmost Honshu, was newly recorded from Kitashiobara-mura, Fukushima Pref. and Sakata-shi, Yamagata Pref., in northern Japan. Kitashiobara-mura is the southernmost locality of this hybrid species. It is similar to S. ×trapezoidea (Koidz.) J.Jung & H.K.Choi. but distinguished from it by the rather thick and tender culms, many spikelets per inflorescence, and long tepals.

Four species of Ericaceae, viz. Kalmia angustifolia L., Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton and Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, are found to be naturalized on a steep slope along a newly developed road in the cool-temperate zone in Tatsuno-cho, Nagano Pref., central Japan for the first time in June 2017. All the recorded species are native of Canada and the northeastern part of the United States, and are endemic to eastern North America except Chamaedaphne calyculata which has a circumpolar distribution. In this place some ferns are also known to be naturalized from northeastern North America.