A new species of Decaneuropsis (Asteraceae), D. phongnhakebangensis Tagane & V.S.Dang is described from Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Quang Binh Province, North Central Region, Vietnam. A new name D. gagnepainii V.S.Dang & Tagane is proposed for the illegitimate name Vernonia balansae Gagnep. Two new combinations, D. bonapartei (Gagnep.) V.S.Dang & Tagane and D. macrachaenia (Gagnep.) V.S.Dang & Tagane, are proposed. A lectotype is designated for V. bonapartei. A key to species of Decaneuropsis in Vietnam is provided.

A new species of Gomphandra, G. laotica Soulad., V.S.Dang & Tagane (Stemonuraceae) is described from central Laos. It is characterized by its capitate inflorescences, 7–12 pairs of secondary veins, densely strigillose petioles, and glabrous stamens, by which combination it is clearly distinguished from the other species of Gomphandra in the region.

The short shoot formation of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Vitaceae) was recorded by photographs and analyzed based on the observation of living plants. Schematic diagrams are also provided to explain the shoot organization. The short shoots are initiated from the axillary buds on the main long shoot. The bud may be dormant to form a winter bud at the position, or extend as a lateral long branch simultaneously with the main shoot. This lateral branch is usually caducous by winter (so it is called “summer lateral”) and remains an axillary bud (ax) of the prophyll to be a winter bud. In both cases, the winter bud is enveloped with some bud scales and extends as a continuation shoot (Sh) the next spring. Following the bud scales, two large leaves (L1 and L2) open. L1 has an axillary bud, which usually extend as axillary shoot (Ax) simultaneously with the main continuation shoot (Sh). Opposite to L2 a tendril is developed. At the first season of the growth, both Sh and Ax tend to be vegetative long shoots, although they are caducous by the winter as is “summer lateral”. As the result, a short but enlarged shoot with the leaf scars of L1 and L2 is formed. At the top of the short shoot, between the scar of L1 and L2, a scar of caducous Sh, a developed and hardened tendril, and a winter bud derived from the axillary bud ax of the prophyll of Ax remain. Next year’s growth is continued from this winter bud. The structure of the new growth from this winter bud is similar to the previous year’s and the short nodes are accumulated year on year to form a stout short branch. According to the development of the short branch, new growth of Sh and Ax gradually changed from vegetative to reproductive and finally both of them become integrated inflorescences. Branching of short branches appear to be derived from axillary buds of bud scales.

Fuscocephaloziopsis loitlesbergeri is newly found on Sphagna in Sphagnum bogs in Rishiri Isl., Hokkaido, northern Japan. Descriptions, figures, and observations based on the Japanese specimen, and the key to the species of the genus in Japan are provided.

Tomitaro Makino, born in 1862, began to study the Japanese flora at an early age and continued his studies throughout his life. After 54 years of age, he shifted his main concern toward supporting and encouraging amateur and semi-professional botanists in various areas throughout Japan. For the purpose he launched his own journal, The Journal of Japanese Botany, in 1916 to provide news and various topics of botany for the readers. However, because of poverty, it was difficult for Makino to maintain his rental house and office for the journal (Shokubutsukenkyuzasshi-sha) for long periods of time. During the publication of the numbers 1 and 2 of the first volume, issued in 1916, his private address was Morikawa- cho 1, Hashishita 464, Hongo Ward (Hongo-ku), Japan and his office for the journal was located at Morikawa-cho 30, Hongo Ward, which was only two or three hundred meters away from his home. The office was located at the same address until number 6. Makino, however, during publication of the first volume, moved two times from the address mentioned above. The second address was Sasugaya-cho 74, Koishikawa Ward (number 3) and the third was Tosaki-machi 3, Koishikawa Ward (numbers 4 to 12 of volume 1). During numbers 7 to 12 of the first volume, his office was at Tosaki-machi 3, Koishikawa Ward - the same as his house. He moved two more times during publication of the second volume, and again during publication of volume 3, as shown in Table 1. Since number 5 of volume 3 his private address was at Kamidoshida 557, Oizumi-mura, Kitatoshima-gun, Tokyo, where he resided until death. The publishing office of the journal was retained until number 5 of volume 2 but then disappeared from number 6. The publishing office was changed from Makino’s office to the publishing department of Seikei Gakuen [School] for number 6 of volume 2, and then moved to the publishing department of Tsumura Laboratory from number 1 of volume 3, where it remains until now.

A new species, Tetrataenium munnarense Karupp., Bharath & V.Ravich. from southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India, is described and illustrated. Color photographs, distribution map and comparison table with allied taxa are provided here to facilitate future references.

Microlepia marginata (Dennstaedtiaceae) has two cytotypes: tetraploid, a widely distributed cytotype in Japan and China, and hexaploid, a rare cytotype only recoded once from Jinmuji Temple in Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, we investigated the frequency of hexaploid M. marginata from Jinmuji Temple and its surrounding regions from Miura Peninsula. We analyzed the ploidy levels of 333 individuals collected from eight locations by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. Our result revealed an extremely concentrated occurrence of hexaploid individuals in the surrounding area of Jinmuji Temple, where hexaploid individuals occurred in high frequency alongside tetraploids. Moreover, we discovered pentaploid individuals as a new cytotype in Microlepia.

Clevea hyalina and Plagiochasma appendiculatum are newly reported from North China. The distributions of Marchantia formosana, M. subintegra and Preissia quadrata are extended to Tibet. Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha is reported new to both Beijing and Tibet. Second distribution site for M. hartlessiana in China is found in Dulongjiang Valley, southwest Yunnan. The controversial records of Porella fauriei are also verified.

Genus Nihon (Boraginaceae) segregated from Omphalodes has currently been accepted for the flora of Japan, but some infraspecific taxa are still remaining in Omphalodes. These taxa are transferred to Nihon in this paper as follows: Nihon akiense f. albiflorum (Kadota) H.Ohashi, K.Ohashi, Hihara & H.Ikeda, N. japonicum f. albiflorum (H.Hara) H.Ohashi, K.Ohashi, Hihara & H.Ikeda, N. krameri f. album (T.Ito) H.Ohashi, K.Ohashi, Hihara & H.Ikeda, N. krameri var. echinospermum (Kitam.) Yonek. ex H.Ohashi, K.Ohashi, Hihara & H.Ikeda and N. laevispermum f. leucanthum (Yonek.) H.Ohashi, K.Ohashi, Hihara & H.Ikeda.

Dendrobium hookerianum (Orchidaceae), collected from Ilam District, East Nepal, is reported as a new official record for the flora of Nepal. A brief discussion of its geographical distribution, ecology, diagnostic characteristics, and note on doubtful record prior to this paper is provided.

During taxonomic studies of Linderniaceae from the Eastern Himalayan foothills, India, Bonnaya multiflora was collected for the first time. ‘Second-step’ lectotypification is also made for B. multiflora.

We report Chrozophora plicata, a new addition to the Flora of Nepal, with ‘second-step lectotypification’.

Acalypha australis (Euphorbiaceae), collected from Central Nepal, is reported as a new record for the flora of Nepal. A key to the species of Acalypha in Nepal is also provided.

Based on a continuous observation on the winter buds of Quercus acuta (Fagaceae), two types of winter buds are recognized: ridged and acute buds with many bud scales that will open in the current spring, and round buds with fewer bud scales that will not open during the current growth season.

This is the third report of the naturalized bryophyte species, Lunularia cruciata (Lunulariaceae) occurring in Hokkaido, Japan. A field survey was conducted in Sapporo City in 2023, and the collected sterile samples were examined for the sex of each population using a molecular biological method of sex-discriminating PCR primers. The result shows that one female population and six male ones were distributed at the survey site. This indicates that this method is effective for distinguishing between males and females of L. cruciata, and is expected to contribute to elucidating the distribution of male and female populations of this species.

Two important algal taxa, Bulbochaete dioica and B. sinensis var. subpyriformis, have been collected in the high-altitude water body of Yumthang Valley, Sikkim Himalaya. Bulbochaete dioica has not been reported since its original description from Africa. Bulbochaete sinensis var. subpyriformis has not been reported from anywhere other than the type locality in China. Detailed description, illustration and microphotographs are provided for better understanding of these two taxa.