Pentacoelium bontioides Siebold & Zucc. (Scrophulariaceae) is generally regarded as an entomophilous species. However, it was observed in our preliminary observation that nectarivorous birds frequently visited the flowers of P. bontioides. To determine whether the species is actually pollinated by the nectarivorous birds, we observed flower visitors and their behaviors using digital video camera in a natural population of the species. The Japanese white-eye Zosterops japonicus Temminck & Schlegel (Zosteropidae) visited the flowers for supping nectar at daytime, and its head and neck closely contacted with the anthers and stigma of P. bontioides. The nectar volumes secreted from the flowers of P. bontioides are greater than those of the entomophilous species and comparable with those of other ornithophilous species. These facts suggest that the Japanese white-eye actually plays as an important role as pollinator of P. bontioides. Although plant species pollinated by nectarivorous birds are rarely reported in East Asia, P. bontioides appears to be an ornithophilous species adapted for pollination by the Japanese white-eye.

Arisaema heterophyllum Blume (Araceae) is a perennial herb distributed in China, Taiwan, the southern part of the Korean peninsula, and Japan. A new cytotype of A. heterophyllum with 2n = 196 was discovered in Toyama and Akita Prefs., Honshu, Japan. The chromosome number 2n = 196 is the largest number not only for the species but also for the genus Arisaema, and the plant is considered to be tetradecaploid (14X) with basic number x = 14.

A presumed hybrid between Salix caprea L. and S. hukaoana Kimura was found by Kimura at Doai, Minakami-machi, northern Gunma Pref., Kanto District, Honshu, Japan, in 1972 and had been cultivated in Tohoku University Botanical Garden, Sendai. Another individual of the hybrid was collected by Yoshiyama in the same region in about 1990 and has been cultivated and observed at his garden in Hachioji, Tokyo. Through these observations and morphological studies, identity of the hybrid was confirmed. The hybrid is known as Salix ×praegaudens Kimura or as a hybrid formula: Salix caprea (syn. S. bakko Kimura) × S. hukaoana, but is still unpublished. It is validated here with its description and figures.

Belosynapsis kewensis Hassk. (Commelinaceae) is endemic to three districts of southern Western Ghats, India. For this species, a detailed description is provided here along with the neotypification, and the lectotypification of its synonym Erythrotis beddomei Hook f.

The distribution patterns of three closely related species of Cardamine, C. yezoensis Maxim., C. valida (Takeda) Nakai, and C. schinziana O. E. Schulz (Brassicaceae) are investigated based on field observations and examination of herbarium specimens of Hokkaido University Museum (SAPS). As a result C. yezoensis was confirmed to be widely distributed on the Sea of Japan side, and C. schinziana was localized in the serpentine zone of the Hidaka district. In C. valida, only small populations were found sporadically in northern and eastern Hokkaido as well as Sakhalin. For the purpose of conservation, it is necessary to investigate the size of the population of C. valida in detail.

We report new records of pteridophytes in Myanmar: Abrodictyum idoneum (C. V. Morton) Ebihara & K. Iwats. (Hymenophyllaceae) and Thelypteris calcarata (Blume) Ching (Thelypteridaceae) in Kachin State; and Pteris henryi Christ (Pteridaceae) in Mandalay Division.

Limnophila sessiliflora Blume (Plantaginaceae) was predicted for its occurrence in Thailand by Yamazaki (1985). However, there was no specimen to confirm. Now L. sessiliflora is reported from the northern Thailand based on a new collection. A morphological description, photographs, and short notes on its ecology are provided.

An orchid species, Platanthera carnosilabris (Tang & F. T. Wang) X. H. Jin, Schuit. & W. T. Jin, collected from Topkegola, Taplejung District, E. Nepal within the Kangchenjunga Landscape is reported as a new record for flora of Nepal. This finding also shows the westernmost distribution of this species.

Occurrence of Zeuxine lindleyana A. N. Rao (Orchidaceae) is reported for the first time from Nepal.

Porpax lanii Seidenf. (Orchidaceae) is reported as a new addition to the flora of India from Nagaland. A detailed description and illustrations are also provided.

Oberonia gigantea Fukuy.and Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Rchb. f.) Garay (Orchidaceae) are reported as new additions to the Orchid flora of India from Nagaland. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and relevant notes are provided.

We present a new record of Begonia panchtharensis S. Rajbh. (Begoniaceae) from the Eastern Himalaya in India. This record extends the known geographical distribution of this species from Nepal to India.

A naturalized population of Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore (Dennstaedtiaceae) is newly found in Tatsuno, Nagano Pref., central Japan in June 2017. The species is widely distributed from Canada to the southeastern part of the United States, and grows in a wide range of environment.