Diversity of ploidy levels in the Arisaema ovale group and the A. nikoense group (Araceae), two monophyletic groups sister to each other in the molecular phylogenetic relationship of the genus, was extensively examined throughout their distribution ranges with DNA flow cytometry and microscopic observations of the chromosomes. In A. ovale, hexaploids with 2n = 78, morphologically indistinguishable from previously known tetraploids and pentaploids, were newly found from Aomori Prefecture and Hokkaido. Diploid plants that were previously known only from Shizuoka Prefecture, were newly found from Iwate and Fukushima Prefectures. Arisaema inaense (Seriz.) Seriz. ex K. Sasamura & J. Murata and A. nagiense T. Kobay., K. Sasamura & J. Murata are confirmed to be diploid (2n = 26). Based on the results, a revised hypothesis for the diversity of the A. ovale group reflecting the increase of ploidy level is presented. In the A. nikoense group, A. nikoense Nakai was confirmed to be diploid (2n = 28) and all samples including subsp. alpicola, subsp. australe, subsp. brevicollum, and subsp. nikoense var. nikoense and var. kaimontanum Seriz. were found to be diploid. Consequently, the A. nikoense group is considered to have stayed at diploid level irrespective of the remarkable morphological and geographical diversity.

Two new lichen species, Ramalina cinereovirens Kashiw., K.H.Moon & J.E.Han and R. subdecumbens Kashiw., K.H.Moon & J.E.Han, are described from Korea. Ramalina cinereovirens resembles R. litoralis Asahina, a maritime species commonly found in East Asia, but it differs by having solid branches with isidial spinules. Ramalina subdecumbens resembles R. exilis Asahina, a species described from Japan, but the latter species differs in having erect branches with terminal soralia. Both species are known only from Korea.

This is part 14 of an account of the type specimens and original materials of taxa described by Siebold and Zuccarini from Japan. It concerns taxa of the families ranging from Stemonaceae through Gramineae according to the system of Melchior (1964). Four lectotypes of Iris kaempferi Siebold ex Lemaire, Eriocaulon sieboldtianum Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud., Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud., and Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc. are designated. And also a lectotype of Saccharum tinctorium Steud. is designated.

Lectotypes of two names in the genus Argyreia (Convolvulaceae), viz. A. fulgens and A. lanceolata have been designated in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature.

This paper designates the lectotype for two names, Blachia calycina Benth. and B. denudate Benth. (Euphorbiaceae). The typification status of two names, B. andamanica (Kurz) Hook.f. and B. umbellata (Willd.) Baill. is also discussed.

Astragalus verus Olivier (Fabaceae) is reported here as a new record for the Flora of China. A detailed description of the species with illustrations, habitat, ecology, and distribution is provided. This species belongs to A. sect. Rhacophorus Bunge, the occurrence of which is also reported for the first time in China. Notes on distinguishing characters of the section are presented here for its easy determination and correct identification in the future.

Hypericum benghalense S.N.Biswas (Hypericaceae) was recollected after a gap of 60 years in two localities of East Sikkim, India. A key to allied species and photographic illustrations are provided for its easy identification.