The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the objective evaluation of preschool children＇s physical activity (PA) levels and subjective evaluation by their parents and nursery school teachers. The participants in the objective evaluation were 214 preschool children. The measures of objective PA, including step counts and time spent in light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), were measured using a triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. The participants in the subjective evaluation were 214 parents and 16 nursery school teachers of the preschool children. Subjective PA was assessed by a questionnaire completed by the parents and teachers that comprised 4 categories (＂very active,＂ ＂active,＂ ＂hardly active,＂ and ＂inactive＂). We examined the differences in children＇s step counts, LPA, and MVPA according to their subjective evaluations on weekdays and weekends. On weekdays, the children who were perceived as ＂very active＂ and ＂active＂ by parents and teachers spent significantly more time in MVPA compared to those who were perceived as ＂inactive.＂ Thus, we observed a correlation between the subjective evaluations by parents and teachers and the objective PA levels that were measured using the triaxial accelerometer. These findings suggest that parents and teachers could effectively detect the children＇s objective PA level, mainly on weekdays. The teachers＇ evaluations were more strongly correlated with the objective evaluations, indicating that they could evaluate the children＇s PA level relatively well. In addition, the parents and teachers evaluated the children＇s PA by primarily focusing on their high intensity activities.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between involvement with the masters games participation and interdependent happiness across leisure participation patterns. An online survey was conducted and useable data were collected from 449 Japanese who participated in masters games within the last three years. They were categorized into the four patterns : continuers, adders, replacers, and starters. Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that interdependent happiness was positively associated with all three involvement factors (attraction, centrality, social bonding) among continuers and adders, and with attraction and social bonding among starters. Our findings indicated that although the relationships appear to vary between the leisure participation patterns (continuers and adders vs. replacers and starters) based on sport experiences from their school days, participating in masters games appears to contribute to their happiness.

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Coaches in comprehensive community sport clubs perform coaching activities by sharing values and philosophy inside the club because they belong to the organization and are influenced by it. To date, many studies have examined these effects by using such constructs as organizational culture. Many qualitative studies have examined organizational culture in comprehensive community sport clubs in Japan. However, few studies using quantitative methods have explored it. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the relationships between organizational culture in comprehensive community sport clubs and coaches＇ organizational commitment. One hundred seventy-seven coaches (male coaches = 109, female coaches = 68, mean age = 46.8 years, SD = 15.9) completed questionnaires assessing the organizational culture in comprehensive community sport clubs and their organizational commitment. A hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that three factors (atmosphere, connectedness, and organizational presence) of organizational culture related to organizational commitment. However, the findings did not indicate that a coach＇s coaching experience in his/her club was a significant contributor to organizational commitment. Moreover, when coaching experience in his/her club was shorter, atmosphere related to a coach＇s organizational commitment. Additionally, connectedness and organizational presence were related to organizational commitment when a coach had longer coaching experience in his/her club. Overall, the study suggested that higher levels of recognition of various organizational cultures in a club were linked to the strength of a coach＇s identification toward and involvement with the club.

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