Recently, there has been a growing interest in sport coach＇s competency to measure his/her behavior. Although over the past ten years a large number of studies have been performed on the competency of sport coach, no studies have ever tried to systematically review and evaluate the literature on the competency of coach. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and examine the current status and research issues relating to sport coach＇s competency. Twenty five published studies were selected for the systematic review through electronic searches of several computer databases (SPORT Discus with Full Text, CiNii, J-STAGE, and Google Scholar). Findings comprised three sections: Construct of a sport coach＇s competency, relationship between a sport coach＇s competency and various factors, and competency-based coach education programs. The main conclusions of this study were as follows: 1) The studies concerning the construct of a sport coach＇s competency were differentiated between the studies that focused on a particular sport, and the studies that focused on generalizable competency that could be adapted to many types of sports. 2) The number of studies that use multilevel analysis, with discussion from both the athletes＇ point of view and also the teams＇ point of view, has been increasing. 3) Most previous research for competency-based coach education programs was conducted based on the National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) in Canada. This research suggested practical implications and future research directions for development of quality coach in Japan.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the social capital and intrinsic motivation of club managers upon the administration evaluations of community sport clubs, and to compare these effects between specified nonprofit organizations and voluntary organizations. The questionnaire consisted of items regarding administration evaluations of community sport clubs, cognitive and structural social capital, intrinsic motivation, presence or absence of a specified nonprofit organization, and club manager profiles. The analysis methods used in this study were descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, and structural equation modeling. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 factors consisting of 24 administration evaluation items: 1) cooperation system (6 items), 2) management system (5 items), 3) coaching system (4 items), 4) variety of activities (4 items), 5) use of club house (2 items), and 6) publicity system (3 items). It also revealed 2 factors consisting of 10 cognitive social capital items: 1) norms of reciprocity (7 items) and 2) local trust (3 items). As well it revealed 3 factors consisting of 13 structural social capital items: 1) community groups networks (5 items), 2) community sport networks (5 items), and 3) education networks (3 items). The main findings were as follows: 1) for the characteristics of specified nonprofit organizations, administration evaluations were affected by community sport networks; 2) for the characteristics of voluntary organizations, intrinsic motivation was affected by local trust, and administration evaluations were affected by norms of reciprocity.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the activity/motivations after graduation of university student surf lifesavers. We received replies to a questionnaire from 61 university 4th-year student surf lifesavers between December 2014 and January 2015. The contents of the questionnaire covered the following 6 factors: 1) personal attributes, 2) focus point of surf lifesaving activities, 3) chance to start surf lifesaving activities, 4) meaningfulness of surf lifesaving activity, 5) knowledge about surf lifesaving activities environment, and 6) Japan Lifesaving Association member registration motivation after graduating from university. In surf lifesaving activities the focus on either the “guard” or “competition” activity/motivation was not related. However, a higher-motivated person showed a significantly higher value compared to one who is not centered on surf lifesaving activities environment item of “coach,” “training equipment,” “securing a training location,” or “access to a training location.” These results can be considered as an active community club experience during student days suggesting a relation to the motivation for member registration of Japan Lifesaving Association after graduating from the university. Future topics include the study of surf lifesaving club taking advantage of the knowledge of community sports clubs.

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The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of skeletal muscle volume improvement through a body mass-based resistance training intervention with or without the intake of Glavonoid. Thirty elderly men were randomly assigned to a Glavonoid(n=15)and to a Placebo (n=15)groups. Both groups underwent a series of resistance training programs, in which 3 exercises were conducted for the trunk and lower limb muscles(20 repetitions/exercise)for 12 weeks. During the training period, the subjects were performed in the exercises, once a week in the gym supervised by fitness instructors and 6 days a week at their own homes. Before and after the training intervention, body composition, muscle thickness and the score of performance test were determined. After the training for 12 weeks, skinfold thickness at the anterior thigh significantly decreased, and muscle thicknesses at the abdomen and anterior thigh increased in the Glavonoid group. In both groups, the sit-up test score significantly improved after the intervention. The relative change in the score of sit-to-stand test was negatively correlated with the pre-intervention score, indicating that the training effect depends on the baseline fitness level. It was concluded that Glavonoid has favorable roles for muscle size and against adiposity in the elderly men when it is combined with a body-mass based resistance training, and that the training intensity should be adjusted for each individual.

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