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Volume 24 (2006)
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 24, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Yoshiko MOCHIZUKI, Hideaki TANAKA, Shigeki TAKEUCHI, Noriyoshi TAKASAW ...2006 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 219-226
Published: December 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSequential processing during time interval was investigated using the contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm (S1-S2-MR), varying inter-stimulus interval (ISI : constant/variable) and inter trial interval (ITI : 10s/3s). The memory trace hypothesis (Smith, 1968) and the temporary inhibitory effect hypothesis (Näätänen & Merisalo, 1977; Niemi & Näätänen, 1981) were tested, whether either of these hypotheses could support the ITI effect on the ISI sequential effect. Our results showed that the reaction time was delayed when the ISI-variable and the ITI-10s conditions were employed. The amplitude of the late CNV over Cz under the ISI-constant condition was larger than that under the ISI-variable condition, and the larger amplitudes seemed to represent the preparation for S2. The amplitudes of the early and late CNV over Fz and Cz under the ITI-10s condition were larger than those under the ITI-3s condition, and the larger amplitudes were thought to represent attention allocated to retrieve temporal information. The memory trace hypothesis did not support the ITI effect on sequential time interval processing, but the temporary inhibitory effect hypothesis did. Attention resources were allocated to the retrieval because of fading of the interval memory trace, and the response preparation was thought to be inhibited during temporal information retrieval. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 24 (3) : 219-226, 2006.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1190K) -
Hiroki IKEDA, Kouichirou MIYAJI, Mitsuo HAYASHI, Kiyoshi FUJISAWA2006 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 227-235
Published: December 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTime assessment during sleep when attempting self-awakening was compared with natural awakening. Volunteers (n = 10) went to bed at normal bedtime in a sleep laboratory. On certain nights they were designated to awaken by themselves after sleeping 80% of their average sleep-time (self-awakening), and on other nights to sleep until they awoke naturally (natural-awakening). Five minutes following REM sleep onset, they were forcedly awakened by the experimenter and were asked the time of day (time assessment) and subjective ratings of sleep depth, sleepiness and mood. The results indicated that subjective ratings were not significantly different between the two conditions, but time assessment was : participants assessed time more accurately on self-awakening nights compared to natural-awakening nights. These results suggest that when attempting self-awakening, people can awaken from sleep at the correct time because they accurately assess time during sleep. ( Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 24 (3) : 227-235, 2006.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1223K) -
Kaoru UMEBAYASHI, Tsunetaka OKITA, Jun SHIMIZU2006 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 237-247
Published: December 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvent-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded from 10 participants who switched tasks on successive trials and repeated the previous task. The tasks consisted of attending to a target letter and deciding if it was a vowel or a consonant in one task, and upper or lower case letter in the other. Task switching prolonged RTs compared to repeating the task when the cue preceding the target letter was not an effective predictor of the task, whereas an informative cue extinguished the switching effect. Cue-related ERPs revealed a positive modulation over posterior electrodes for information in a task-switching trial. Irrespective of task-switching or task-repeating trials, informative cues were associated with a relatively early negative modulation of target letter ERPs overlapping the temporal/occipital N160. In the later latency period, consistent and persistent task-switching effects were observed on target ERPs in non-informative cue trials. These findings indicate advance reconfiguration of task processing systems before the presentation of the task stimulus, and also suggest that the switching operation of distinct processes depends on task requirements. ( Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 24 (3) : 237-247, 2006.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1691K) -
Tetsurou YAMAMOTO, Mitsuo HAYASHI2006 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 249-256
Published: December 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is widely reported that a brief nap is effective in preventing afternoon sleepiness. However, its effects on exercise performance have remained unknown. The present study examined the effects of a short nap on exercise performance in the mid-afternoon. University students who belonged to an athletic club (n = 10) participated in the study. They took a nap (Nap condition) or read a newspaper (No-nap condition) for 15 minutes at 14 : 00 hours. In the Nap condition, the participants were awakened 3 minutes after the appearance of Stage 2 sleep. At 15 : 00 hours, the participants exercised using a cycle ergometer until exhaustion. Results indicated that the duration of exercise was 27 seconds longer in the Nap condition than in the Nonap condition (p<.05). Although heart rate was not significantly different between the two conditions, rating of perceived exertion and subjective sleepiness were significantly lower and vigor was significantly higher after taking the nap (ps <.05). These results suggest that a brief nap improves exercise performance in the mid-afternoon. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 24 (3) : 249-256, 2006.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1183K) -
Yukihiro SAWADA2006 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 257-271
Published: December 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe notion on blood pressure (BP) reactivity as the central measure of cardiovascular hemodynamics in the face of stress (Sawada, 1990) is revisited. This notion is warranted by BP as desired value hypothesis and is supplemented by hemodynamic reaction pattern hypothesis. According to recent findings, the present review sheds light on, presumably the most influential factor, adrenergic receptor sensitivity, which produces dissociation between desired and actually regulated BP values. This leads us to the point where BP reactivity is comparable on a within-subject basis because the adrenoceptor sensitivity is constant in a rather short observation period. Also it is comparable on a between-group basis when the mean adrenoceptor sensitivities are nearly equal between the groups. Based on these discussions, the hypotheses are applied to two psychophysiologically intriguing themes : psychophysiological detection of deception (constant adrenoceptor sensitivity within a suspected person) and alexithymia (nearly equal adrenoceptor sensitivities between alexithymic and non-alexithymic individuals). (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 24 (3) : 257-271, 2006.)View full abstractDownload PDF (2662K)
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