All issues
Volume 27 (2009)
- Issue 3 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 73-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Special Issue
-
2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (645K) -
Takahiro KOBAYASHI, Kaori YOSHIMOTO, Shuji FUJIHARA2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 5-15
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contemporary situation regarding polygraph tests in Japan, which has changed in the 21 century, was outlined. Physiological recording systems used in present-day field tests have been upgraded to digital polygraphs. Moreover, additional indices such as skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR) and normalized pulse volume (NPV) have been introduced. Furthermore, the concealed information test (CIT) is always used to test an examinee's knowledge about a crime. We analyzed respiratory speed (RS), skin conductance response (SCR), SCL, HR and NPV in 113 CITs of 38 examinees in whom knowledge was confirmed in subsequent investigations. The results of these physiological responses corroborated prior laboratory studies. Moreover, the results indicated that the detection rates of the indices were highest for HR, followed by SCR, RS, NPV and SCL in that order.View full abstractDownload PDF (1698K) -
Akihisa HIROTA, Tokihiro OGAWA, Izumi MATSUDA, Noriyoshi TAKASAWA2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 17-34
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study investigated an essential difference between autonomic responses to critical and non-critical questions in the Concealed Information Test (CIT). The results of the first experiment, by using a mock crime, indicated that the only difference between responses to critical and non-critical questions lay in the volume of such responses. The latencies and change patterns of autonomic responses to critical and non-critical questions were identical. The results suggest that the difference in activation levels of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the difference between responses to critical and non-critical questions. Combining these results with physiological findings and principles, we proposed a model of the underlying mechanism and processes of autonomic responses in the CIT. This model can explain the direction of each physiological response, and the temporal order of the onset of these responses. Another experiment evaluated the validity of the model and indicated the suitability of the model for the autonomic responses in the CIT.View full abstractDownload PDF (2586K) -
Akira KUROHARA, Akio UMEZAWA2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 35-44
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article reviews evidence that the breathing pattern during the concealed information test (CIT) in the forensic research field consists of two different components. The first component is characterized by overall facilitation of ventilation: significant increments of inspiratory flow rate (respiratory drive) compared with the baseline resting level. The second component is characterized by a phasic inhibition of breathing following critical questions during the CIT paradigm: a decrement of respiratory flow rate and phasic prolongation of the post-exhalation pause time. From findings obtained in our previous studies on ventilation and gas exchange during stress and emotion, we suggest that the former tonic facilitation of breathing is similar with the breathing patterns observed during psychological stress, which reflects activation of the inspiratory drive in the respiratory center. Based on previous findings concerning the breathing patterns of subjects under attention, we also suggest that the phasic inhibition of breathing following critical questions could be caused by focusing attention on the CIT question, which reflects switching of control from respiratory center to the upper center.View full abstractDownload PDF (1413K) -
Izumi MATSUDA, Akihisa HIROTA, Tokihiro OGAWA, Noriyoshi TAKASAWA, Kaz ...2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 45-56
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA polygraph examiner is required to make accurate judgments as to whether examinee's autonomic responses to a critical item (the item that a perpetrator should know) differ from those to non-critical items. Several statistical methods have been proposed to support this decision making. These methods are classified into the database-based approach and the within-individual approach. Recently, these approaches have been improved for dealing with individual differences in autonomic responses. The latent class discrimination method has been developed as a new database-based approach and the hidden Markov discrimination method has been formulated as a new within-individual approach. These new methods were applied to experimental polygraph data obtained from 34 participants; higher discrimination performances were seen with the new methods than with the conventional methods. In future studies, it is expected that the database-based and within-individual approaches will be merged.View full abstractDownload PDF (1632K) -
Shinji HIRA2009 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 57-70
Published: April 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: December 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article predominantly reviews recent studies concerning the concealed information test (CIT) in which event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been recorded as brain function indices. In the ERP-based CIT studies, the most promising index in terms of practical application to the criminal investigation is the P300 component because this is elicited by rare and meaningful events that are relevant to the subject's task. However, a method of counteracting countermeasures against ERP-based CIT and definite criteria for evaluating the results of this test for individuals must be established before it can be used in criminal investigations. Most fMRI studies have demonstrated greater activation of prefrontal regions when subjects lie than when they tell the truth. However, these studies diverged into two aims, the first devoted to the functional neuroanatomy and cognition of deception and the second to further refinement of CIT. In the future, research based on the procedure of CIT will be necessary for criminal investigations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2031K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|