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Volume 26 (2008)
- Issue 3 Pages 205-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Yukio ICHITANI2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (465K) -
Ken-Ichiro TSUTSUI, Masataka WATANABE2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 5-16
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reviews the latest findings and understandings concerning the reward system in the brain. Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) play key roles in the representation of reward, by projecting axons to other reward-related brain areas, such as the nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, limbic structures, and prefrontal cortex. While dopamine neurons are concerned with the detection of reward prediction error, nucleus accumbens and related limbic structures may play major roles in inducing hedonic feelings and pleasure from the reward. The dorsal striatum is involved in learning the value of a specific stimulus or action, and plays a major role in Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. The prefrontal cortex is involved in short-and long-range reward expectancy, which serves as an incentive background for executing on-going action as well as organizing future behavior. It is also involved in evaluating possible behavioral options and planned actions, as well as in monitoring the outcome of actions, which may be critical for reward-based decision-making. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 5-16, 2008.)View full abstractDownload PDF (6319K) -
Shogo SAKATA2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTime is crucial for everyday activities in organisms. Timing and time perception are fundamental to survival in animals. The neural mechanisms of timing in the brain have not yet been clarified. This article reviews the relationships between temporal information processing and the functions of the hippocampus. The electrical local field potentials (LFP) in the hippocampus show obvious, rhythmic activity dependent upon training or behavioral situations, exemplified by the well-known hippocampal theta wave. Hippocampal theta is comprised of synchronous spike times of hippocampal pyramidal cells, and is indicative of a specific function in the hippocampus for that training condition. Many studies have discussed hippocampal function in spatial processing. Here, I discuss non-spatial, stimulus discrimination tasks, including temporal processing. Hippocampal theta increases as the time of a reward approaches. The basal ganglia also serves as a conductor of information flow, allocating attention and mediating the relationship between information control and hippocampal function. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 17-26, 2008.)View full abstractDownload PDF (4892K) -
Kazuo YAMADA, Yukio ICHITANI2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 27-39
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of pharmacological manipulations that facilitate extinction of emotional memory may lead to improvement in treatment effectiveness for anxiety disorders such as PTSD, and drug dependency. The first part of this paper explains Pavlovian fear conditioning and conditioned place preference which are typically used to measure aversive and euphoric emotional memories respectively. The next part explains behavioral mechanisms of the extinction of conditioned fear responses and reviews important findings on the role of the amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in the extinction of emotional memory. The final part reviews the latest studies on involvement of brain glutamatergic NMDA receptors in the extinction. In conclusion, partial NMDA receptor agonist, D-cycloserine, may have potential clinical benefits. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 27-39, 2008.)View full abstractDownload PDF (2404K) -
Takeo TSUJII, Eriko YAMAMOTO, Shigeru WATANABE2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistamine H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) are widely used for the treatment of allergic disorders. Despite its social importance, there are few studies examining the effects of antihistamines on cortical homodynamic activities. We examined the effects of antihistamine on prefrontal cortex activity in adults and preschool children using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a novel brain imaging method suitable for psychological experiments, especially in young children. We showed that ketotifen (a first-generation antagonist) significantly impaired behavioral performance and cortical activation at the lateral prefrontal cortex in several cognitive tasks, compared with epinastine (a second-generation antagonist) and placebo. There were no sedative effects on neural response or behavioral performance after epinastine administration. We discussed the usefulness of NIRS technique in neuropsychopharmacological studies especially of young children. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 41-48, 2008.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1466K) -
Shuichi YANAI, Hiroshige OKAICHI2008 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 49-59
Published: April 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious methods have been developed to investigate the functional involvement of brain structures in learning and memory. In the present article, we introduce both traditional and sophisticated current techniques for brain surgery and drug administration in rats. These techniques can be divided into two categories : techniques for permanent brain damages such as aspiration, electrolytic lesion, and neurotoxin; and techniques for transient suppression of brain function using drugs. In addition, novel techniques to detect neurogenesis were also introduced using immunohistochemical staining. This last method is a typical interdisciplinary development that brings cell biology into the realm of physiological psychology. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26 (1) : 49-59, 2008.)View full abstractDownload PDF (8407K)
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