Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology

CONTINGENT NEGATIVE VARIATIONS RELATED TO THE ATTENTION FOR AN INFORMATIVE STIMULUS AND TO THE PREPARATION FOR A MOTOR-RESPONSE

Y. NAGEISHI, M. SHIMOKOCHI

1983 Volume 1 Pages 1-10
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.1

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Using an S 1-S2-S3 Reaction-Time task paradigm, the contingent negative variations (CNVs) for S2 and S3 were examined. In the task, a subject was informed by S2 of the occurrence or non-occurrence of the immediate S3 which was an imperative stimulus given in a half of the total trials (go-no go task). It was found that the negative potential-shift preceding the S2 presentation was larger when S2 was informative than when S2 was redundant. After the resolution of this shift, a second negative shift developed toward S3 when S2 informed its presentation, but did not when S2 informed its non-presentation. Based on the Principal Component Analysis, it was concluded that the first shift was the late CNV for S2 while the second shift was the late CNV for S3. It might be suggested that the former was not associated with a motor preparation but with anticipatory attention to an informative stimulus, and the latter with a motor preparation.

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Effects of intensity, duration, and rise and fall times of the reflex evoking sound upon auditory evoked EMG of orbicularis oculi and subjective estimation of startle

Fumio YAMADA

1983 Volume 1 Pages 11-18
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.11

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Effects of the physical properties of reflex-evoking sounds upon the magnitude of blinks and the subjective estimation of startle were examined. The electromyographic activity of orbicularis oculi was measured with eyes closed during wakefulness. Twenty young adults were assigned into one of following four experiments. In each experiment, the standard sound stimuli (noise in Exp. 1-3 and 1000 Hz tone in Exp. 4) were 100 dB, 50ms and less than 1 ms in their intensity, duration, and rise/fall time respectively. In Exp. 1, intensity was varied from 80 to 90,100,110, and 120dB. In Exp. 2, duration was varied from 10 to 30, 50, 70, and 90ms. In Exp. 3 and 4, r/f time was varied from 0 to 6, 12, 18, and 24ms. Results showed that the amplitude of the reflex increased linearly as functions of the noise intensity and the duration, but it decreased as a function of the r/f time. Subjective estimation for the magnitude of startles behaved alike to the reflex amplitude. The positive correlations between these two measures were significant in 17 out of 20 subjects. It is, therefore, concluded that the auditory evoked eyeblinks recorded by an EMG of orbicularis oculi are significant indexes of the startles in humans.

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Continent negative variation and the memory retrieval task with meaningful material

Takashi MATSUDA

1983 Volume 1 Pages 19-25
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.19

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This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of a memory retrieval task with meaningful material upon contingent negative variation (CNV). A total of 13 subjects were required to determine whether a probe word (S2) was contained in the target words (S1) while the subject was performing a selective reaction time task. The probe and target words consisted of three kana characters. The results indicated that the rising time and resolution time of CNV were delayed and the amplitude of CNV was decreased as a function of target set size. In addition, the CNV resolution time occurred earlier for the positive set than for the negative set. These findings were discussed in relation to the self-terminating scanning hypothesis.

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Hemispheric asymmetry of event-related potentials during phonetic processing

K. KUBO

1983 Volume 1 Pages 27-33
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.27

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the left and right hemispheres of eight college students during a phonetic discrimination taks. Hemispheric asymmetry was observed in Ni amplitude of the ERP to consonant-vowel (C-V) syllables. More pronounced asymmetry of the ERP was found in the right ear presentation of the C-V-syllables.

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Size of discriminanda did not change mirror image interocular reversal in the pigeon

S. WATANABE

1983 Volume 1 Pages 35-39
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.35

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Pigeons were monocularly trained on mirror image discrimination using three different sizes of stimuli. The largest shape was 17.5° × 11.5° and the smallest 3.3° × 3.3°. When the birds were tested with the untrained eye, paradoxical transfer was observed, i.e., S^_??_ was prefered with the untrained eye.
Contrary to the previous results with goldfish by other researchers, shift from paradoxical to veridical transfer depending on the size of discriminanda did not occur. The role of the tecto-fugal visual pathway in the paradoxical transfer was briefly discussed.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1983 Volume 1 Pages 41-44
Published: December 31, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.41

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[title in Japanese]

1983 Volume 1 Pages 45-71
Published: December 31, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.1.45

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