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Volume 31 (2013)
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Mariko OSAKAArticle type: Special Issue
2013 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: April 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2014
Advance online publication: November 25, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (315K) -
Masataka WATANABEArticle type: Special Issue
2013 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 5-17
Published: April 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2014
Advance online publication: November 25, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCertain brain areas show higher activity during the resting state than during the cognitive task performance. These areas are called “default brain areas” (DBA) and consist of mainly medial brain areas including medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate and precuneus areas. DBA is proposed to be concerned with “internal thought processes” which is supported by language, and considered to be not existent in animals. However, recent studies indicate that default brain activity is observed in nonhuman animals including the chimpanzee, macaque monkey and rat, suggesting that there might be primitive internal thought processes that do not need language in animals. It has been indicated that DBA is greatly overlapped with “social brain” that is concerned with processing social stimuli and coordinating appropriate social behavior in the human. It has been shown that nonhuman animals have a certain kinds of social behavior such as deceptive and altruistic behavior, and many areas in the animal DBA are also concerned with social behavior. Thus, DBA is thought to be concerned with internal thought processes regarding social behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (3772K) -
Tamami NAKANOArticle type: Special Issue
2013 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: April 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2014
Advance online publication: November 25, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDefault mode network is a network of brain regions that are active during internal processing but deactive during goal-oriented task. We previously found that while viewing videos, cortical activity momentarily decreases in the dorsal attention network after blink onset but increases in the default-mode network. Because eyeblinks tend to occur at implicit breakpoints while viewing videos, eyeblinks are involved in the release of attention by momentarily activating the default-mode network while deactivating the dorsal attention network. These results suggest that the default mode network plays an important role for neural information processing through dynamical interaction with other brain networks even during the goal-oriented task.View full abstractDownload PDF (2052K) -
Hideya KOSHINO, Mariko OSAKA, Naoyuki OSAKAArticle type: Special Issue
2013 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 27-40
Published: April 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2014
Advance online publication: November 25, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Default Mode Network (DMN) is one of the large-scale brain networks. Functional heterogeneity refers to the idea that a brain region that is anatomically classified as a single area can be divided into a number of functionally different sub-regions. Functional heterogeneity has been discussed with respect to large brain areas as well as networks such as the Working memory network (WMN) and DMN. Brain regions relate to functions in such a way that multiple functions can be related to one area, and multiple regions can work together as a network to perform a single function. Therefore, a region might function as part of a certain network in one task, while the same region might function as part of a different network under a different task. We discuss some instances of functional heterogeneity, and then consider key implications for understanding brain networks, mainly using the DMN as an example.View full abstractDownload PDF (1382K) -
Atsuhito TOYOMAKI, Hayato WATANABE, Kazuyori YAGYU, Harumitsu MUROHASH ...Article type: Special Issue
2013 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 41-49
Published: April 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2014
Advance online publication: November 25, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently default mode network has received the most attention in cognitive neuroscience. Although several studies have been made on abnormality in autism spectrum disorder using functional neuroimaging, they show conflict results. On the other hand very few attempts have been made at evaluation of default mode network using EEG/MEG. The purpose of this study is to examine for abnormality of default mode network in autism using MEG. Functional connectivity reflected by coherence with neural oscillation of source waveform revealed that the correlation in beta band between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex showed significant tendency to reduction in people with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, bond strength between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex showed significant positive correlation with “attention to detail” and “communication skills” of Autism Spectrum Quotient. These results indicate that functional connectivity analysis using MEG is useful to assess the default mode network associated with atypical cognitive property specific to autism.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K)
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