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Volume 1, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tosihide H. YOSIDA, Tosihide TABATA, Hiroyuki HIRUMI1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (549K) -
Sadakiyo HORI, T. R. FOLSOM1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 10-13
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcessive amount of activity of Cs137) was found in Japanese tea, which has reached the United States in 1957 and 1958, by a gamma ray spectrometer at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. An estimate was made of the potassium content and also of the amount of fallout activity of Zr95. The gamma activities of other tea samples and California plants were eaxmined with the same method for comparison.View full abstractDownload PDF (138K) -
Daigoro MORIWAKI, Iwao TOBARI1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 14-22
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In order to estimate the genetic effects of radiation on longevity, the life-span of the offspring from irradiated feameles and from irradiated males were measured. Controls were made at the same time.
2. The lives of the male offspring of these irradiated parents were significantly shorter than those of the controls.
3. The female offspring of treated parents lived as long as those from the control when they were kept together with males, while they lived significantly shorter periods than the controls when kept alone, without males.
4. The male offspring seemed to be more strongly affected by irradiation than the female offspring.
5. These results suggest that mutations which have an effect on longevity may be induced by X-rays, but no linear relationship between dose and effect was found.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
Hiroyuki HATANO1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy relatively small doses of γ-irradiation, inactivation of sulfhydryl enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase and urease, were proved to be induced. This inactivation was recovered reversibly by the addition of thiol compounds such as cysteine and glutathione.
In the course of radiolysis of cysteine, measurable decrease in the amount of sulfhydryl group was found to occur by the small doses of the irradiation and, of course, by large irradiation doses. Such decrease in the amounts of sulfydryl group was found to occur also on the sulfhydryl enzyme proteins. Moreover, the lost activities in the inactivation of the enzymes was proved to be corresponding to the decrease of the sulfhydryl groups. A valid evidence, thus, was added to the mechanism of inactivation of sulfhydryl enzymes by ionizing radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (194K) -
Hiroyuki HATANO1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 28-37
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRadiolytic deamination of amino acids in aqueous solutions by gamma irradiation was studied. Ammonia yield by the deamination of amino acids was observed to remain almost constant for a wide range of irradiation doses. The yield was also found to increase with the increase concentration of the amino acid. Radio-sensitiveness of α-amino acid to the deamination was proved to be larger than that of β-amino acid. ω-Amino acid seems to be very resistant to γ-rays and a amino group of amino sulfonic acid was more stable than that of amino carboxylic acid.
α-Keto acid was found to be produced from its parent amino acid by γ-irradiation in the aerated acqueous solution. Pyruvic acid, α-keto-isovaleric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid were identified from characteristics of ultraviolet absorption spectra and chromatographic behaviours of their corresponding 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. The reaction yield of α-ketoglutaric acid obtained from glutamic acid by γ-irradiation was found to vary with γ-ray doses exponentially. The yield of decomposed α-alanine was identical stoichimetrically with that of liberated ammonia. The yield of pyruvic acid found from alaine, however, was not same as of decomposed alanine.
The reaction product of leucine with hydrogen peroxide or with a Fenton's reagent was some-what different from that with γ-irradiation. From these results, a mechanism of oxidative deamination of amino acid was proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Hiroyuki HATANO1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 38-45
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral peptides and proteins were irradiated by γ-rays in aqueous solutions. Radiolytic deamination of peptides and related nitrogenous compounds were found to occur in the air-containing solutions by γ-irradiation. To the liberation of ammonia, not only free amino group but also peptide bond were proved to contribute. monia, not only free amino group but also peptide bond were proved to contribute. solutions by γ-irradiation. Moreover, in the course of radiolysis of the peptides, corresponding keto acids to constituent amino acids of peptides, were produced in the γ-irradiated peptide solutions. They were determined quantitatively by column chromatography of their 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. It was shown that aspartic acid formed from glycine in acetic acid solution by -irradiation under oxygen-free condition. To the mechanism of radiolysis of peptides and proteins, a valid evidence, that organic free radical produced by γ-irradiation might play an important role in the progress of reactions, was presented. From these facts, together with previous results, a scheme of radiolysis of proteins, was proposed and considered in discussion.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Tadayosi DOKE, Yasukiyo TAKAMI, Atsusi NAKAMOTO, Akira SASAKI1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelative responses of the two cylindrical plastic scintillators (1″ φ × 1″ height, and 2″ φ × 2″) to air doses were calculated for gamma rays of energy ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 MeV with variation of the incident directions. The results of the calculations showed that the relative responses did not practically depend upon the energies and incident directions of gamma rays. On the bases of these results, we measured the dose rates from background gamma rays both out-door and in-door. The dose rates obtained by our measurements inside buildings were 48-68 mr/year. On the other hand, the dose rate from the terrestrial gamma rays was 27.5 mr/ year, which was only one third of the world average. Such lower value was ascribed to the low activity of the soil (composed of volcanic ash) in Kanto district. Also, we estimated the accumulated dose from fission products deposited on the ground (in Chiba City) to be about 30 mr during the period from November 1958 to December 1959.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Hirotake KAKEHI, Guio UCHIYAMA, Noboru ARIMIZU, Kenji SAEGUSA1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 54-60
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe set up in our hospital a new type of teletherapy unit with pneumatic transference containing one hundred curies of cobalt-60 coin typed sources.
After a repetition of tests, a considerable amount of radioactive contamination was found on various parts of the unit and on the floor of the room in which the unit had been set up.
We surveyed the contamination of the unit and found that this had occured because of a leakage of cobalt-60 dust from the source capsule, namely by its incomplete encapsulation. We also made a survey on some telecobalt units of a conventional type, and got some positive findings.
In this report causes and countermeasures are discussed concerning the leakage of cobalt-60 which caused a considerable amount of contamination.
To prevent radiation hazards because of radioactive contamination, periodical wipe tests should be made on the cobalt-60 units.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
Yasusi NISIWAKI, Hirosi KAWAI, Kazuo MATSUMOTO, Kazuhiko MIKOTA, Masak ...1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 61-69
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied the distribution of 137Cs in albino rats after the subcutaneous injection of 137Cs. The organs examined may roughly be divided into two groups: one that reaches a maximum concentration rapidly (at 1 hour after injection) and the other that reaches a maximum rather slowly (later than one hour). Such organs as heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, kidney and spleen were observed to belong to the first group and brain, testis, muscle, bone, and blood to the second group. The blood was rather peculiar in the sense that it reached a maximum concentration at 3 hours when the tissue concentration of most of the organs was observed to decrease.
With most of the organs except blood the tissue concentrations was observed more or less to fluctuate for the first few days, but after about 3 days the mode of decrease of the concentration A (μc/g) may roughly be approximated by the following power function of time t (no. of days after injection)
A = A1 t-n
The estimate value of n for each organ is as follows: 1.27 for heart, lung, and liver, 1.24 for stomach, 1.29 for intestine, 1.41 for kidney, 1.4 for spleen, 1.22 for brain, 1.2 for testis, 1.11 for muscle, and 1.3 for bone.
With the blood, the initial fluctuation was observed to continue for about one week, but after about two weeks the mode of decrease of the concentration was also roughly approximated by the power function model of the above type with the value of n = 1.62.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
Nobuo ODA, Hirosi SUZUKI1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 70-80
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method is presented which makes possible to measure directly the absorbed dose in soft tissue exposed to gamma rays and X-rays and in addition to clarify the dependence of the spectral distribution of absorbed dose on the size of tissue element. The term TEIT (transfered energy per individual track) is introduced and the absorbed dose is expressed in the form of the spectral distribution as a function of TEIT. A brief argument is given which indicates the relation between the spectral distribution in TEIT and that in LET. Actual measurements have been performed on the absorbed dose in soft tissue represented by plastic scintillators of various sizes exposed to 60Co gamma rays using a scintillation spectrometer. From three types of measurements the followings have been derived: 1) the variation of the spectral distribution of dose in TEIT with the tissue size, 2) the variation of dose with depth, and 3) the structure of dose of dose close to the bone-tissue interface.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Susumu WATANABE, Tosio ITO, Yasuhide MATSUBAYASI1960 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 81-90
Published: June 01, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: August 29, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst of all, Yamawaki (1954)1) in our laboratory has confirmed that there should be a close correlation between the high incidence of leukemia among the exposed persons and the exposure to the atomic radiation on the basis of 6-years statistics of leukemia in Hiroshima from 1946 to 1951 that he summarized and surveyed. Succeeding his investigations, Wago and Ito, also of our laboratory summarized and presented the data up to date (Watanabe, 19572), 19573); Watanabe, Wago and Ito, 19584); Hirose, 19585); Watanabe and Ito, 19598). Besides our investigations, we can find some papers which were presented by other workers (Valentine, 19517); Folley et al., 19528); Lange et al., 19549); Moloney et al., 195410), 195511); Wald, 195712), 195813), 195814); Heyssel et al., 195915).View full abstractDownload PDF (312K)
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