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Volume 18 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 251-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 67-
Volume 18, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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J. CADET, R. TEOULE1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (346K) -
K. TSUNEOKA, Y. TAKAGI, M. SHIKITA1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 102-108
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpleens of mice which had been treated with E. coli endotoxin or typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine were extracted with an isotonic saline. The extract was filtered through an asbesto filter and chromatographed on a Sephadex G-200 column. The fraction which was excluded at around 2.5-void volume (molecular weight, about 20, 000) was significantly effective in increasing survival of animals, when it was repeatedly injected in mice after X-irradiation (600R). The injection caused an increase of the weight of spleen of the animals with increased number of endogenous spleen colonies. The result sxggests that the life-saving effect of the spleen extract is based on its effect of stimulating repopulation of autochthonous hematopoietic cells in the X-irradiated animals. Similar splenic extract prepared from normal mice gave an ambiguous effect on the survival of X-irradiated animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
M. KABIR, F. W. SPIERS, T. A. IINUMA1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 109-121
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made to estimate the beta-particle dose rates to micro-organisms of various sizes in soil. The small insects and organisms living in soil are constantly exposed to betaradiations arising from the naturally occuring radionuclides in soil as in this case no overlying tissue shields them.
The technique of measuring beta-particle dose rate consisted of using of a thin plastic scintillator to measure the pulse height distribution as the beta particle traverses the scintillator. The integrated response was determined by the number and size of the photomultiplier pulses.
From the data of soil analyses it was estimated that typically about 29% of the beta particles emitted per gm. of soil was contributed by the U/Ra series, 21% by the Th series and about 50% by potassium. By combining the individual spectra of these three radionuclides in the proportion found in a typical soil, a resultant spectrum was computed representing the energy distribution of the beta particles.
The dose rate received by micro-organisms of different shape and size in soil was derived from the equilibrium dose rates combined with a ‘Geometrical Factor’ of the organisms. For the small organisms, the dose rates did not vary between the spherical and cylindrical types, but in case of larger organisms, the dose rates were found to be greater for the spherical of the same diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
M. NAKAHARA, T. KOYANAGI, M. SAIKI1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 122-131
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of temperature increase of seawater on uptake and release of radionuclides by several marine organisms was studied under laboratory conditions to obtain some basic informations on combined effects of radioactive and thermal effluents. As expected from the poikilothermism of marine organisms whose metabolic activities are controlled by outer temperature, uptake and release of radioactive zinc by mackerel (Scomber japonicus) were increased with temperature of rearing seawater. Concentration factors were raised 1.5 to 2.5 times and release of 65Zn was promoted about 10 to 70 per cent during from 12°C to 22°C.
Temperature dependence of 137Cs concentration by blackfish (Girella punctata) in the range of temperature between 15°C and 35°C was most significant at 20-25°C presenting the maximum value of thermal coefficient (Q10). The thermal coefficients calculated on crimson sea breams (Evynnis japonica) for the concentration of 60Co were higher in scale or gill of the fishes rather than muscle unlike with the case of 137Cs. Although the accumulation of 60Co in midgut gland of clams (Meretrix lamarkii) was also affected by temperature increase, the different mechanism of temperature effect was supposed among the radionuclides or the parts of organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
C. A. K. CHEE, P. L. T. ILBERY1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 132-138
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in seventeen Australian former prisoners of war who had been exposed to about 50 rads whole body radiation thirty years previously at Nagasaki. Only three yielded individual discernible evidence of remaining radiation damage to the chromosomes of their lymphocytes. In comparing the cytogenetic findings in this exposed group with other Australians at Nagasaki who were not exposed, distinction was not possible between the groups using the criterion of dicentrics/cell. Howeve, distinction could be made on a hits/cell basis.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
HIROSHIGE MORISHIMA, TAEKO KOGA, HIROSHI KAWAI, YOSHIHIDE HONDA, KOSUK ...1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 139-150
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the behaviour and distribution of uranium in the environment, the uranium contents in various vegetables, soils and irrigation water collected at several districts including a district near an uranium mine were investigated. Results obtained are as follows;
1) Uranium contents of vegetables varied widely from 0.002 to 0.88 μg/g of ash. Uranium contents of leafy and root vegetables were large compared with those of berries and grains.
2) Concentration ratios from soils to vegetables and those from irrigation water to vegetables were 10-5-10-3 and 1-100, respectively. In leafy and root vegetables, and also in potatoes with higher concentration ratios from both soils and water, a significant difference in uranium contents was observed among different districts.
3) Closer correlation between uranium and phosphorus than that between uranium and calcium was observed in leafy vegetables.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
KEIKO UEDA, IKURO ANZAI, MASAMI TOGO, HARUO KATSUNUMA1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 151-159
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative measurements were performed by the whole body counter equipped in the University of Tokyo with regard to the 137Cs body burdens of 88 Japanese male low-teens in Akita and Tokyo. In spite of the heavy fall-out level in Akita, the mean 137Cs body burden was significantly lower than that in Tokyo where the fall-out deposition was about the half. The major cause of the difference in the body burdens was considered to be the difference in the daily milk consumption volumes in both groups which was disclosed from the results of interview with each subject. The 137Cs content showed very low correlation with potassium content in each group. The fact proposed an important question concerning the effectiveness of the concept of “cesium unit” for describing the level of internal contamination in man.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
P. UMA DEVI1977 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 160-163
Published: May 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a preliminary attempt to investigate the protective action of MPG on the tissues of mammals exsosed to high doses of ionizing radiations, adult Swiss albino mice were subjected to 1, 200 R of gamma rays from a Co-60 source 30 minutes after a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight of the drug. The histopathological changes in the intestinal villi were studied at postirradiation intervals of 2, 5, 14 and 28 days and were compared with observations from mice irradiated in the absence of MPG. Severe damage was observed in the villi of the animals receiving no protective drug, whereas in the MPG injected group the villi were protected to some extent and an early recovery was effected with the result that the normal structure was restored by the last interval studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (246K)
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