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Tetsuya AKIYAMA, Hisayuki WAKABAYASHI, Nahoko WATANABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3110
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, Electronic money bussiness that use contactless IC card expand rapidly. The common simplest equipment to use it is probably the Payment Terminal such as a "Koutsuu kei IC card Senyou Denshi money Tandoku Tanmatsu". But, it is difficult to operate these Payment Terminals and it can't control of system if we use these in facilities that the fare is single-price. So, We develop and assess the validity of "The Single-Price Settelment System" that can control of system, for creating off-time and reduction in the social cost. As a result of assess the validity of "the Single-Price Settelment System" in actual place "Oasis@akiba", we confirmed design of "the Single-Price Settelment System" work and effectiveness of using in facilities that the fare is single-price.
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Shoya OKUDA, Masaaki YONEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3111
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper is concerned with an importance sampling method combined with the conditional expectation in simulation-based structural reliability assessment. First, approximated optimal importance sampling marginal densities are determined by using the result of a piecewise integral of the failure probability. Next, an importance sampling simulation with a small number of sample sizes is executed by using importance sampling densities above determined and then the importance sampling region is roughly identified. The piecewise integral of the failure probability is executed again over the restricted importance sampling region, and the result of failure probability is used to reconstruct the approximated optimal importance sampling marginal densities. The same procedure is repeated and the structural failure probability is estimated through the importance sampling simulation. The procedure is referred to as a repeated importance sampling. Numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method gives the accuracy of failure probability with shorter processing time.
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Akiyuki NAKANISHI, Yosuke MORITA, Ken'ichi MAEMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3112
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with new type humps for controlling vehicle speeds. Conventional humps are rigid body. Therefore the cross-section shape of humps cannot be changed. So it's difficult for humps to have appropriate characteristic for various vehicles and their speeds passing on humps. Then, we propose on active hump systems which can control the height of the humps for passing vehicles and their speeds. We designed two active hump systems. One is a hydraulic pressure type, and the other is an electric type. First, we'll describe feature of each system. Next, we'll introduce their models produced at the scale of 1/10.
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Yosuke MORITA, Akiyuki NAKANISHI, Ken'ichi MAEMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3113
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with new type humps for controlling vehicle speeds that can detect mass and speeds of different automobile of specifications. Conventional humps are rigid body. Therefore the cross-sectional profile of humps has been decided. So it's difficult for humps to have appropriate characteristics for various vehicles and their speeds passing over humps. Then, we propose on active hump systems that can control the height of the humps for passing vehicles and their speeds. We search for the cross-sectional profile of an active hump that has appropriate characteristics for various vehicles and their speeds passing over the hump by simulation.
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Shouta KOGURE, Kazutaka MATSUBARA, Ken'ichi MAEMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3114
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Conventional hydraulic shock absorbers cannot cope with various conditions, and their resisting forces etc. become worse. Therefore, we study on the resisting force of a hydraulic shock absorber with a bypass orifice. The hydraulic shock absorber has a semi-active function and its orifice areas are variable. We experimented on various conditions, such as collision masses and orifice areas of the hydraulic shock absorber. As a result of a drop test, we confirmed that the relations between the displacement and the resisting force due to dynamic pressure depend on orifice area.
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Shuhei CHIBA, Masaharu KOBAYASHI, Fenghui SHI, Ken'ichi MAEMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3115
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This subject deals with the resisting force of a semi-active shock absorber with magnetorheological fluid. The MR shock absorber has coils. In Theory, the resisting force of the shock absorber depends on some orifices and the magnetic field of coils of the MR shock absorber adjusted by the electric current. This subject uses two types of center tubes named A and B. The difference between center tube A and B is the number of groove in which one coil is formed. Center tube A has 4 grooves and B has 1 groove. This subject examines difference of resisting force by the number of groove with a drop test.
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Masaharu KOBAYASHI, Fenghui SHI, Ken'ichi MAEMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3116
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with modeling of a semi-active shock absorber using magnetorheological fluid that is a material responds to an applied magnetic field and changes its apparent viscosity. The simulation was performed about the improved dynamics model of experimental equipment for the MR shock absorber and it was compared with the experiment result about the MR shock absorber using a drop test. The drop test has the condition that the mass of a falling body is 20.06kg and the collision speed of the falling body is less than or equal to 2.2m/s. As a result of this study, the dynamics model was verified validity by the simulation and performed parameter identification.
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Tetsuji KANEKO, Akihiro OSAKI, Yoshiyuki MIWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3117
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Living environment is complicated and varied from hour to hour, it is difficult to define a path of mobile robot. So we developed and demonstrated navigation interface for mobile robots with 3D drawing system, which user draws virtual line as a path of mobile robot in the real world. In this system user enable to navigate multiple robots by assigning color of drawing line. Moreover user can control movement speed of robot by drawing speed. As a result we can navigate mobile robots easily in living environment with obstacles.
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Koji IIDA, Shiroh ITAI, Yoshiyuki MIWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3118
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, there's been a research on supporting for emergence of feeling of connection with remote person through embodied interaction using haptic interface. In this research, we aim to verify the effectiveness of such a haptic interface through the viewpoint of brain science. So, at the beginning of this research, we developed the respiration representation device available in the MRI environment. This respiration representation device presents the remote partner's respiration as compressive stimulation in order to support the emergence of feeling of connection with him. And we confirmed that this respiration representation device had no influence on MRI imaging, and functioned well in the MRI environment.
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Takaaki FUJIWARA, Akito SEKIGAWA, Junichi OGAWA, Yoshiyuki MIWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3119
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this research, we propose a method of expressing a three-dimensional object image accompanying a stereoscopic effect and feeling of existence on actual space. To realize this technology, we focused on biological motion perception. Then we developed six movable arms with a luminous ball on the tip, which can place a ball freely in the actual space. A performance test of this system shows that the position and the color of the six balls are changed dynamically. As a result, the prospect was acquired that we can tackle various expressions for creating the 3D motion image on the actual space with this system.
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Kazuhiro SAKITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3120
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Very small designed structure of product influences directly attributes and shape of product. Today, many simulation methods and systems about material science from micro scale level to macro scale level are available for material design. Concept of spatial model as a common stage for multi-scale simulations and a visual interface for product designer is proposed.
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Masashi OKUBO, Kumi OZAKI, Tatsuki FUJIWARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3121
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The group walking is seen here and there frequently in Japan. The walking with the partner gives them the motivation to continue the exercise. In this paper, we propose the group walking support system which allows the users to walk with the partners around the street in the shared virtual space. It also provides the smooth communication with partner by using the users' avatars and their footsteps' sound. We also discuss about the effectiveness of the proposed system and the functions i.e. footsteps' sound and users' avatars, which offers the feeling of co-existence with their partners to users in the shared virtual space.
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Hiroyuki Nagai, Tomio Watanabe, Michiya Yamamoto
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3122
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have developed speech-driven embodied entrainment systems "InterPointer" and "InterVibrator" which support embodied interaction and communication for both a lecturer and audiences. InterPointer is a pointing device with a visualized response equivalent to nodding response in the same timing as listener on the basis of speech input. InterVibrator is a vibration device with a vibratory response by nodding response in the same way. In this paper, the integrative presentation system of InterPointer and InterVibrator is developed, and the effectiveness of the system is demonstrated by sensory evaluation experiment of presentation with the system. A lecturer and audiences can share embodied rhythms and feel the sense of unity in presentation.
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Yoshihiro Sejima, Tomio Watanabe, Mitsuru Jindai
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3123
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have developed the embodied virtual communication system for human interaction analysis by synthesis. In this paper, focusing on line-of-sight effected smoothly communication in face-to-face communication, embodied virtual communication system with line-of-sight information is developed. In this system, body motions and line-of-sight information of the avatar are represented based on the talker's ones which are measured by magnetic sensors and a developed line-of-sight measurement device. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated by the sensory evaluation of a remote communication experiment.
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Weimin LIN, Hitoshi OHMORI, Yasutaka YAMAMOTO, Masaoki SHIMANO, Jiro M ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3501
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new method of finishing the bore portion of automobile engine cylinders, the ELID honing process had been developed. In this study, the effects of ELID honing process are discussed. Using this process, the processing time per cylinder required to finish the bore portion of a cylinder, from 70-80s decrease to approximately 40s, and improved the accuracy and stabilization of the bore face.
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Hideki SAWADA, Toshiyuki ENOMOTO, Norikazu TABATA, Masaki UE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3502
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, silicon wafer has been used for substrate material of a semiconductor device. In the polishing process, there has been strongly demanded that it achieves high-flat edge shape and, however, the commercial polishing pad cannot meet the demand. Therefore, in this study, the new type of polishing pad having extra-fine fiber layer as upper layer and hard polymer layer as lower layer is developed, in order to break-through the deadlock. A series of polishing experiments for silicon wafers revealed that the developed pad brought the high-flat edge shape, high finishing efficiency and good surface roughness.
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Makoto TOMINAGA, Koichi KITAJIMA, Takaaki TOTTORI, Tsuneo YASUDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3503
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study is paid attention to Electro-abrasive Polishing method which has both above electro polishing method and abrasive polishing method advantages to achieve high efficiency and high definition polishing processing, and conductive lapping tape was developed. Electro-abrasive Polishing for pure titanium materials by utilizing its tape was performed, and expectation and polishing characteristics experimentally were investigated. In this paper, abrasive materials which were applied to conductive lapping tape were changed and performed Electro-abrasive Polishing for pure titanium, effects of the abrasive materials on the polishing characteristics were cleared.
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Tohru ISHIDA, Takeshi NAKAJIMA, Masahiko KITA, Koji TERAMOTO, Yoshimi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3504
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study deals with the improvement of a size-reduced in-pipe movable mechanism which will be employed to fabricate long and thin curved holes, the feasibility of electrical discharge machining by means of the improved mechanism and the extension of a curved hole by the mechanism. To establish a curved hole machining method, the authors planned to develop the long curved hole machining system which employs an in-pipe movable mechanism. Actually, the mechanism for machining a long curved hole has been developed. However, the diameter of its machining hole is too large. Therefore, the diameter of the mechanism has been reduced so that curved holes with the half diameter can be fabricated. However, the size-reduced mechanism has the problem that the shape of the fabricated holes is unstable. To overcome the problem, in the study, the structure of the mechanism is improved. From the results of the machining experiments, it is found that the improved mechanism can make a hole with performing a stable electrical discharge machining and has the ability of extending the curved hole length.
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Kazuhito YOSHIDA, Masafumi YAMAKAWA, Shinya HAYAKAWA, Fumihiro ITOIGAW ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3505
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with residual stress and welding strength in laser welding of thermoplastics in order to investigate the relationship between them. Thermal stress generated in the workpiece during laser welding process and residual stress remained after the process were observed using photoelastic analysis. Welding strength was estimated by the shear strength. It is found that characteristic photoelastic fringes which reflect the residual stress caused by welding are left at the starting point and end point of the laser irradiated area. It is also found that welding strength increases with order of the characteristic photoelastic fringes which are left at end point of the laser irradiated area.
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Tohru ISHIDA, Yasuhiro YAMASHITA, Masahiko KITA, Shin'ichiro HAMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3506
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study deals with the feasibility of a position detection method of the electrode being used in curved hole electrical discharge machining (EDM) by means of elastic wave measurement. To establish a curved hole ma-chining method, the devices have been developed, which can machine curved holes. At present, the authors have developed the 3-dimensional long curved hole EDM system which consists of an in-pipe movable mechanism, a machining direction determining device and an die-sinking electrical discharge machine. The system has the ability to fabricate long and various curved holes like an earthworm does. In machining a curved hole by using the system, the electrode position cannot be known because whole electrode is inside a workpiece. This means that it is impossible to monitor the position of the electrode under machining and to feed back the electrode position to the system so that a designed curved hole is made. To solve the problems, a electrode position detecting device is developed, which can pinpoint electrical discharge positions by measuring elastic wave generated by EDM by means of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. From the results of the basic experiments, it is found that the device has the ability of electrode position detection.
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Kazuo MUTO, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3507
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes the measurement result of the sound, vibration, the ultrasonic wave, and AE signal generated in 1 axis drive unit testing machine for SMD (Surface Mount Device), especially an axle bearing. The following thing became clear in this research. 1) Correlation is shown in the output signal and speed diagram of the acceleration sensor and AE sensor in a segment of time. In the first transit state of LM block, both signals also become large, and it becomes small in the late transit state. 2) In the output signal of AE sensor, it returns with to and from of LM block, the from is larger, and the change at the time of uniform velocity is detected. 3) Unique AE signal is in 300kHz, 600kHz, and a 1MHz zone region.
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Alan HASE, Masaki WADA, Hiroshi MISHINA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3508
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Acoustic Emission (AE) is the emission of elastic stress waves resulting from the deformation and fracture of materials. From viewpoints such as the maintenance of machining accuracy and the fail-safe, monitoring of cutting states is very important. By measuring AE signals generated during turning process, the state estimation of machining becomes possible. This report discusses about correlation between the AE signals and the phenomena on turning process. The results indicate that there is a good negative correlation between the shear angle and the AE signal level. The measurement of the AE total energy will permit the estimation of tool wear. When TiAIN coated tool or the workpiece of different hardness was used, the similar results were obtained.
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Dong-Yeul SONG, Nobuo OTANI, Masayoshi OTAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3509
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For the purpose of improving the detecting ability of tool condition change during cutting operation, the time series model parameter obtained from the measured vibration signal and the residual error, which is a difference between the estimated and the measured signals, using genetic programming (GP) are investigated and discussed in relation to wear condition of cutting edge. As a result, it is revealed that the early wear of cutting edge, where the stiffness parameter of the machining part of a cutting model increases linearly with the progress of cutting, can be detected by monitoring of AR parameter of time series model. Moreover, subsequent wear, edge chipping and/or fracture, lead to the increasing of nonlinearity in the measured vibration wave, can be detected by monitoring of residual error. It is therefore concluded that the overall wear behavior in cutting edge can be fully identified by the residual error of the time series vibration signal determined using GP.
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Takashi HARADA, Gaku KAWABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3510
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with how to set parameter of shape from focus method as robust against noises. Averaging of in-focus function is usually applied for reduce noise caused by dark-current noise, quantization in size and level of CCD device. However, excessive averaging lacks sharp edge information of the target. In this paper, relations between measurement noise and appropriate number of data for averaging of focal measurement, and area of data for fitting of the Gaussian function were investigated using both experimental and analytical method. Result of the error analysis was shown close similarity to the experimental result.
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Hideyuki TACHIKA, Yasuhiro TAKAYA, Takashi MIYOSHI, Terutake HAYASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3511
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing), which is a polishing process combining chemical effect by chelating agent and mechanical effect by abrasive particle, is a key technology for multilayered semiconductor. Although colloidal silica is generally used as an abrasive particle of CMP process, the downsizing of particles and the removal of metal contamination are demanded for 45nm design rule. Then we have proposed poly-hydroxylated fullerene as abrasive. Because poly-hydroxylated fullerene has good features such as uniformity of particle size (1nm) and no metal contamination, it is more suitable for abrasive than colloidal silica. However the polishing rate is low (50nm/min) because of small diameter of abrasive. So in order to improve the polishing rate, we have investigated the method of controlling an abrasive size by producing aggregates. The fullerene clusters are produced by UV laser irradiation for aggregates. Consequently, the abrasive size is controllable from 1 to 250nm, and higher polishing rate (Max 300nm/min) is achieved by using fullerene clusters as an abrasive.
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Shin-ya MORITA, Hitoshi OHMORI, Weimin LIN, Yoshihiro UEHARA, Yutaka W ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3512
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We are involved in the R & D of intellectual manufacturing process applying VCAD system which can express not only shapes but also internal informations of materials. We have developed a new on-machine profile measurement feedback fabrication system with V-Cam for nano precision fabrication process. It aimed at compensating fabricated surface form error using V-Cam system and evaluating a function of fabricated parts by VCAD simulation.
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Hiromichi OKABE, Yasuhiro TAKAYA, Takashi MIYOSHI, Terutake HAYASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3513
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Micro-stereolithography is able to fabricate free-form 3D microstructures easily and rapidly by laminating of thin layers formed by cured resin. However, materials that can be used for this method are only photosensitive resin which has no electrical conductivity. So, we developed to mix metal powder which has superior electrical conductivity as the filler into the acrylic photosensitive resin. By applying the resin to micro-stereolithography, we could fabricate 3D microstructures with superior electrical conductivity. We investigate the lamination procedure of fabricating micro parts using the resin mixed with silver particles. As a result, cubic shape could be fabricated and the minimum layer thickness is 5μm.
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Hironori MATSUOKA, Yoshihiro TSUDA, Takahiro RYU, Yasuyuki ISHIBE, Sat ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3514
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with the influence of hardness of work materials on flank wear and crater wear, when using two types of high-speed steel (HSS) hob materials coated with (Al, Ti) N film with minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) system in hobbing. Experiments were conducted by simulating hobbing by fly tool cutting on a milling machine. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) With SCM415 work material which was changed HB131, HB144 and HB161 in hardness, the flank wear and the crater wear are small when cutting work material having comparatively hard HB161 which was rolled irrespective of the change in hob materials and cutting speeds. (2) When using SCM435 work material which was changed HB172, HB195 and HB214 in hardness, the flank wear and the crater wear tend to be small when work material having HB172, which was annealed, was cut. (3) SCM415 having HB161 is suitable for MQL system in hobbing in terms of flank wear and crater wear.
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Takashi NAKAMURA, Fumihiro ITOIGAWA, Keiichi KAWATA, Takao HASEBE, Sat ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3515
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Chip disposal is one of problems in semi dry cutting because the amount of using oil is very little. Therefore new cutting method that is able to collect chips through the center hole of tool immediately was proposed to solve this problem. In this study, machining test of a molding die using withdrawal of chips by suction was carried out with developed ball-end mill. As a result, it was confirmed that chips are not scattered in the machine tool. In addition, it was found that this cutting method has a comparatively high lubrication effect.
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Katsuhiko SEKIYA, Ryou TEZUKA, Yasuo YAMANE, Masahiko KATO, Keiji YAMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3516
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Amorphous SiC has superior tribological properties. These properties must be effective on reduction of adhesion of chip on tool face. In this investigation, newly developed amorphous SiC coated carbide insert was evaluated by turning of aluminium alloy. Film strength became higher on the substrate after which was polished and blasted by abrasive grains than after which was only polished. Adhesion of chip on the coated inserts was less than that on the uncoated ones. Amorphous SiC coated tool showed superior resistance to adhesion comparable with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated tool. Cutting performance of the insert was almost comparative to that of DLC coated inserts.
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Hiroshi USUKI, Shintarou Hara, Satoshi FURUYA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3517
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study aims to improve tool life by the use of high oxygen atmosphere for the reduction of adhesion by generation of oxide. Titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr) and several kinds of coated carbide end mills were used in this experiment, and the effect of cutting atmosphere on tool wear were investigated by side cutting under the dry cutting condition. The results were obtained as follows; 1) The tool wear decreases by high oxygen when the oxygen enriched machining is done under the high-speed interrupted cutting condition in machining Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr, and the optimal value exists in the oxygen content according to the coating material. 2) The decrease of tool wear is observed as for each coated tool under the high oxygen condition, and it almost becomes constant in 28% or more oxygen content in the machining of Ti-6Al-4V. Moreover, a wear decrease in the TiBON coating is the largest.
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Kunio OKIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3518
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is well known that the machinability of sintered iron is improved by impregnation of thermal curing type resin into the open pore. It is believed that the presence of the resin in the pores results in uninterrupted chip formation and favorable chip-breaking, caused by the duplex microstructure. However, further investigation is needed into the causes of improvement in the machinability. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of resin impregnation on the improvement of machinability. Shear angle and shear strain in the cutting were investigated. It was found that the shear angle was increased and the shear strain was decreased by the resin impregnation. The effect of the resin impregnation on the coefficient of friction was measured by a ring compression test. It was clarified that the coefficient of friction was reduced by the resin impregnation, but that the amount of this reduction was small. A compression test with grooved dies was performed to investigate the nominal stress-strain curve and the workability (formability) of the sintered iron. It was found that the sintered iron and the impregnated sintered iron together showed work-hardening and that the impregnation affected the nominal stress-strain curve little but the workability of the resin impregnated compact was lowered to about 0.5 times compared to that of the non-impregnated sintered iron. The density of the chip in the non-impregnated specimen produced from two-dimensional cutting was increased before the cutting; however, the amount of this increase was small in the impregnated specimen. These experimental results suggest that the decrease of flow stress corresponding to the embrittlement induced by the resin impregnation is the main cause of drastically improving the machinability.
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Yuichi USUI, Koichi OZAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3519
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Twice drilling method is proposed: In the stage of the prepared hole drilling, imperfect through hole which plastic deformation division is smaller than the finish diameter is opened. Then, the hole is finished by the drill with the point angle of burr depression effect. When the hole is finished with the drill of 50° point angle, the burr depression effect is remarkable. The height and thickness of the burr decreased in 1/10 and 1/2, respectively, compared with the drill of generally used 118° point angle.
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Takeshi MIYMOTO, Junsuke FUJIWARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3520
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Cemented carbides consist of hard particles and metallic binder, and have high hardness and strength. It is well known that cemented carbides are a kind of difficult-to-cut materials and the tool wear is very severe. In previous study, the turning and the micro cutting in the SEM were carried out to make clear the tool wear mechanism. However, there is few paper about the influence of Co contents and cutting fluids. Then, in this paper, the turning of three kinds of cemented carbides was carried in order to make clear the influence of Co contents, and the effect of cutting fluids was investigated in the dry, wet and mist cutting. The main results are shown as follows. (1) In the dry cutting, the tool wear increased with the decrease of Co contents. (2) In the mist cutting, the tool wear increased with the increase of Co contents. (3) In the dry cutting, the cutting temperature was low with the decrease of Co contents.
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Hisataka TANAKA, Yoshinobu SUGIMOTO, Tomoaki OKAMURA, Masahiko SATO, S ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3521
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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End milling in machining center is one of the important machining methods. Especially, it is often used when the parts with complex shape are machined. In general, a constant feed rate is chosen in milling of corner part and straight part. Therefore, there is a difference in cutting forces in the straight part and the corner part, a difference in dimensional accuracies is caused in the both parts, and a tool failure will be caused in the corner part milling. In this study, a software is developed which generates suitable NC data for the radius of the corner. The validity of developed software is examined by cutting experiment.
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Hisataka TANAKA, Toshiki OGAKI, Tatsuya KOBAYASHI, Masahiko SATO, Susu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3522
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Ball end mills are widely used in machining of parts with sculptured surfaces. The properties required for ball end milling are high productivity, high machining accuracy and high integrity of machined surface. The purpose of this study is the development of chatter avoidance system. Spindle speed or feed rate is automatically changed for the avoidance of chatter. Ball end mill used in experiment is cemented carbide. Wedge-shaped workpiece is used in order to change the stiffness of workpiece which affects the chatter stability limit. As a result, the effectiveness of the developed chatter avoidance system has been confirmed.
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Hiroyasu IWABE, Masaki NAKAMURA, Hayato AKUTSU, Hideaki MATSUHASHI, Hi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3523
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, machining of the scroll wall by the non rotational tool is tried in order to obtain the high accurate surface. At first, FEM model for the tool is made and the deformation analysis of the tool is performed using the cutting force obtained by experiments. Secondly, the shape of machined surface is predicted and compared with that by the experiment. Then, it is shown that the predicted value of machined surface analyzed by FEM is almost coincident about the shape. And also, influence of the roughness of machined surface on cutting condition is shown.
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Hiroyasu IWABE, Takuro HIGUCHI, Yuichi KIKUYA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3524
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with deformation analysis of a small size ball end mill in machining. Firstly FEM model of the ball end mill is made and cutting forces are obtained by cutting tests in condition of flat and inclined surface milling. Secondly, deformation of the small size ball end mill is calculated during machining. And also, the influence of maximum deformation on the cutting method, the pick feed direction and tool length are compared.
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Naoto Ishida, Hirofumi Suzuki, Yuji Yamamoto, Keiichi Nakamoto, Toshir ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3601
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In ultra precision cutting of hard and brittle crystal materials, cutting conditions of an extremely small undeformed chip thickness are required to produce a ductile mode surface and/or super smooth surface uniformly in all crystal orientation. In this report, ultra precision cutting of hard and brittle crystal material with fly cutting, which is one of the interrupted cutting, was newly proposed and tested. In the basic experiment, plane of single crystal germanium was machined with proposed diamond fly cutting, to examine the influence of crystal orientation and the change of critical undeformed chip thickness in 0, -15, -30, -40 degrees of the tool rake angle. From the experimental results, the largest critical undeformed chip thickness was 235nm in -30 degrees of the tool rake angle. And finally aspherical lens were machined. As the result, the form accuracy of 0.19μmP-V and the surface roughness of 32nmRz were obtained.
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Hirofumi SUZUKI, Hiroshi NAKAJIMA, Yuji YAMAMOTO, Keiichi NAKAMOTO, To ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3602
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, needs of digital devices increase rapidly, and demands for a micro aspherical glass lenses are expanding rapidly especially in that device. In this report, a new grinding method was proposed and a grinding system was developed in order to grind the molds and dies where the local radius curvatures are small. In this method, three axes (X, Y, B) are controlled simultaneously, and then the position of the grinding point on the diamond wheel is fixed. From the experiments, it was clarified that the proposed grinding method is effective and useful by comparing with the conventional grinding method where two axes (X, Z) are controlled simultaneously.
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Shingo YAMAMOTO, Tohru ISHIDA, Toshiyuki ENOMOTO, Yoshimi TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3603
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, the demands for fabricating complicated microparts accurately and efficiently by means of multi-axis control ultraprecision machining centers are increasing. However, the accumulations of various kinds of errors deteriorate the form accuracy of machined microparts. To solve these problems, this study proposes a method to detect the tool tip position by means of electrical conduction between gold-coated non-rotational diamond cutting tool and the workpiece attached to 5-axes control machining center. From machined results with the compensated NC data, it is found that the method proposed in this study is effective to set the tool in the right position.
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Takanobu OHBA, Tohru ISHIDA, Toshiyuki ENOMOTO, Yoshimi TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3604
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The study deals with the development of fundamental CAPP system for 3-D micromachining. Complicated 3-D microparts can be created by the development of multi-axis control ultraprecision machining centers. 3-D CAD/CAM systems for multi-axis control micromachining are also developed, which save time and labor to make numerical control date. However, operators have to plan the process empirically. The system developed in the study automatically decides the fixing surface and the number of control axis of multi-axis machining center, based on CAD data of the initial shape and the finished shape. The simulations by using various workpiece models show the validity of the system.
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Masaya KUROKAWA, Naoto OIKO, Naoki NISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3605
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For an injection molded plastic micro device with microstructures on the surface, it is a challenge in the demolding step to smoothly take out the moldings. In this work, setting a suitable inclination on the microstructures has been tried by using moving X-ray mask process. An exposure technique to form these microstructures on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate has been developed using synchrotron radiation and a moving X-ray mask which is moved by systematical controls of a personal computer. This process needs a moving clearance between the X-ray mask and the PMMA plate to move the X-ray mask for the PMMA plate. This clearance-setting is one of the important factors to control the precise side-wall inclination avoiding an X-ray diffraction. (A nickel mold part for an injection molding is produced on the PMMA plate by an electroforming process.)
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Hirofumi SUZUKI, Daisuke MUKOHATA, Takeshi KAWANO, Yuji YAMAMOTO, Keii ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3606
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, more miniaturization and higher integration of LSI are required and the size of electrode pad on LSIs has become narrower. In the manufacturing process of LSI, the electric property has to be checked with IC probes by contacting the probe to check and the size and pitch of the probes are also required to be smaller. In this study, it paid attention to the metallic glass in order to develop smaller probes. The metallic glass is a metal with an amorphous structure and it has an excellent character for the spring material as follows: high strength and high elasticity limit Moreover, the size effect of metallic glass is small because it is an isotropic and a homogeneous material. It can be mold by the glass molding process. In the experiments, metallic glass was molded by using flat surface molds and structured molds with V-shaped micro grooves as the basic experiment.
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Masayuki NUNOBIKI, Shogo MORINO, Koichi OKUDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3607
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with thermal deformation of a base sheet caused by laser cutting to avoid the situation that the laser cutting interrupts by the deformation of the base sheet at unmanned processing. We aimed the clarification of the relationship between an overall deformation of a base sheet and the laser cutting orders experimentally. In experiments, we cut six kerfs on the SUS304 plate by CO_2 laser beam. We cut the plates by various cutting orders and measured the overall deformation of the cut plates. The plate bent downward when we cut from the inside kerf toward the outside kerf. On the other hand, the plate bent upward when we cut by the converse order. It can be expected that the deformation of the base plate can be reduced by appropriately setting the cutting order.
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Yoshihiro UEHARA, Hitoshi OHMORI, Weimin LIN, Yutaka WATANABE, Tetsuya ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3608
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A demand for the mold of micro-lens is on the increase. As a system for the machining of micro-lens mold, a desk-top machine tool is being expected. But, when the grinding wheel with the small diameter is used, the ELID grinding method has a problem about the installation setting place of the minus side electrode. In this research, we developed a system to electrolyze the small type ELID grinding wheel, This system was realized ELID grinding processing without using the minus side electrode, for the purpose of machining of micro lens mold. That result succeeded in the development of the ion shot dressing grinding system which uses a nozzle type electrode. As a result, when a #4,000 wheel was used, finished roughness was RMS 2.0nm, and form accuracy was good with P-V 0.8μm in the range of the effective diameter.
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Yutaka WATANABE, Yoshihiro UEHARA, Weimin LIN, Masayoshi MIZUTANI, Tos ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3609
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, a demand for micro hard disk is on the increase. Along with it, it is necessary to machine micro hard disk with smoother surface (ultra precision flat) and sharper edge (ultra precision chamfer). In this research, we developed the ultra precision flat/chamfer machining system for micro hard disk, and we investigated a characteristic of this machining system. This machining system has control part, mirror surface grinding part with ELID unit, processing arm part and standby part for glass hard disk. As a result using this machining system, when a SD#8,000 wheel and #8,000 particles of CeO_2 were used, finished roughness was Ra 5.2nm and 2.8nm.
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Shu KARUBE, Yuusuke NINOMIYA, Hirohisa ONEDA, Tatsuo SOUTOME
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3610
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper studies the relation between the surface roughness and the over lap factor in the vibration cutting system experimentally. The over lap factor is a constant cutting parameter to explain the occurrence of the regenerative chatter, and it varies from 0 to 1 as the shape of tool or the feed rate varied. We cut S45C work-pieces by a vibration cutting device in the suitable cutting speed ν<ν_c=2παf (α is tool amplitude, f is tool frequency). Our varied parameters are entering angle, cutting depth, and feed rate. The over lap factor is calculated as a function of the entering angle and the feed rate. As a result of our experiments, the measured surface roughness is good agreement with the theoretical surface roughness. This result shows the shape of tool is printed on the work-pieces exactly, and the work-pieces' vibrations created by the vibration cutting are very small. Our experiments also show that to increase the entering angle is effective at decreasing the maximum height roughness. When the entering angle is 85deg, both the value of measured surface roughness and the over lap factor are the smallest on our experimental conditions. The regenerative chatter cannot occur in the condition, because the overlap factor is very small.
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Tetsuya Naruse, Kazu Andou, Yutaka Kameyama, Masayoshi Mizutani, [in J ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3611
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Today, Japanese industry has been faced to lose many middle-aged technicians because of their retirements. These technicians have been contributing to success of Japanese industry, so that their skills should be passed to younger generations. However, these technicians tend to not have any written manuals for their work, so their skills were developed by their experiences and senses. Therefore, passing all skills to younger generations are difficult, especially at medium and small companies. We have been developing systems "processing templates," which help to pass techniques to young workers. In this paper, we report about "the system of collecting techniques" and "the technique digitizer," which is a tool that digitizes technician's skills collected by the system of collecting techniques.
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Kazu ANDO, Tetsuya NARUSE, Yutaka KAMEYAMA, Masayoshi MIZUTANI, Yutaka ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3612
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Because of retirements of many middle-aged technicians, Japanese industry has been faced to lose excellent skills and knowledges developed by those ones. In order to support of passing skills on cutting technology, we proposed "Cutting template", in which applicable skills were collected and stored. In this paper, we report about the concept for developing the cutting templates. An example of cutting template focused on the lathing technique was also described.
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