Aerial photographs were used to the geological work of a railway construction in Fukushima. Especially, airphoto interpretation of the geological structure along a planned tunnel route were studied. The geological data obtained from aerial photographs were checked in the field, and after were compared with the data of geophisycal explorations. Consequently, it was proved that the contact of rocks, which had been traced on the aerial photographs, were exact; that an average of about 77% of the known faults and fractured zones coincided with the airphoto lineaments; and that about 60% of the known joints sets coincided with the airphoto lineament sets.
Accordingly, it is claimed that aerial photographs shoud be regarded as geological research instruments; that the geological information from aerial photographs shoud be treated as a geological knowledge ; and that geological field mapping must be consistent with photographic evidence.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe how photogrammetry and electronic computers are incorporated into the method now used in Japan for selecting the routes best suited for road construction. The addition of these two processes makes for rapid and economical selection.
The determination of longitudinal profiles and calculations of accumulative mass diagram using cross section data has been enhanced by the use of the electronic computers to the existing method.
The idea of using aerial photographs with the profile measuring instrument for profiling to obtain a route selection has been given at this time. It is believed that this application is very efficient.
Also examples of experimental and practical operations using this method are written herein.

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The typhoon which striked Japan Islands on 25 September 1958 brought a terrible flood over Kano River thus greatly damaging that area. As a result of comparison of vertical aerial photographs taken right before and after the flood, it was recognized that the main rivers at flooded time run into remaining stream lines. It is, consequently, of essential basis for a sand guarding plan and development project to be established over rivers to interpret remaining rivers on aerial photographs and apprehend their streaming inclination.

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Studying mechanical analogy between adjustment of errors and coditions of elastic equilibrium of Jerie's analogue computer, we measured its elastic constants and studied their relations between them.
The elastic constants of individual springs for planimetric adjustment have the deviation of about 10%, so it can be considered that the adjustment by Jerie's analogue computer have the accuracy within these deviations against the assumption of equal weight.
For the height adjustment theve are three kinds of freedoms corresponding the three kinds of elastic constants, the constants for bending and torsion of the plastic bars and the elastic constants of the springs inserted between tie points, the effects of them can not be neglected according our measurement. And there must be certain kinds of errors corresponding with these elastic characters to have the analogy between minimum condition of elastic energy and the least square condition of errors, which might require further investigations.

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