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Volume 32 (1996)
- Issue 4 Pages 211-
- Issue 3 Pages 143-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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RENATA CLAUDI1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSZebra mussels have profound environmental impact on any area they infest. They also foul all exposed marine structures and cause a number of problems to industrial raw water users. The reason for this is rooted in their biology. One of the primary biological factors of concern is the presence of a vast number of free living larvae (the veligers) . The free living larvae aid dispersal and allow penetration and infestation of industrial systems. All raw water systems are vulnerable to infestation to greater or lesser degree. Of particular concern are safety systems such as fire protection.
The ability of the mussel to firmly attach to a wide range of substrates results in fouling of all available surface and difficulty in removal.
Further, the hard shell of the adult allows it to isolate itself from the environment and survive short periods of unfavourable conditions.
Monitoring for their arrival and their seasonal abundance provides early warning and triggers mitigation.
This paper deals briefly with the biology of zebra mussels, how to monitor for them and how to decide on proactive vs reactive treatment strategy for industrial systems. To-date, many different chemical and non-chemical techniques for zebra mussel control have been investigated. However, the treatment of choice for most facilities is still based on some form of chemical control.View full abstractDownload PDF (5391K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2238K) -
ZAFAR IQBAL BHATTI, KENJI FURUKAWA, MASANORI FUJITA1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 19-22
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of addition of weathered granite (WG) as a core material on the formation of granular sludge in a laboratory upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was investigated. The reactor was seeded simultaneously with 4.4 g of volatile susupended solids and 10 g of fine WG passing 0.21 mm seive, and was continuously operated for about 180 days. Addition of WG seemed to have a significant effect on the granule formation. 75 % of the seed WG accounted for the ash content of the granular sludge. Support material has been shown to have positive effect on the formation of granular sludge.View full abstractDownload PDF (4042K) -
AKIRA NAKABAYASHI, TATSUO SHIMIZU, KENZO KUDO, TOSHIO HAMAGUCHI1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 23-32
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors had proposed an anaerobic fluidized pellet bed (AFPB) bioreactor system as upgrading sewage wastewater treatment system. In this system, the denitrification was accomplished in the AFPB bioreactor (1st stage denitrification tank), to which the nitrified liquor was recycled from a biological contact aerator at a rate of 300% of the influent flow. However, the nitrate nitrogen ranging in concentration from 3.5mg⋅l-1 to 8.0mg⋅l-1 was discharged from the contact aerator. In order to remove the remaining nitrate, the 2nd stage denitr-ification tank was added to the system in series. The flocculated sewage sludge produced in the AFPB bioreactor could be effectively used as a carbon source in the 2nd stage denitrification. In this case, the requirement of the hydrolyzed sludge BOD necessary for sufficient denitrification was approximately 3.5mg-BOD⋅mg-NO3--N-1. In addition, it was important to feed a minimum amount of the flocculated sludge required for denitrification, because of the ammonium nitrogen released with hydrolysis of the sludge. With the optimum feeding rate of the flocculated sewage sludge, the concentration of total nitrogen in the final effluent was between 0.5mg⋅l-1 and 1.0mg⋅l-1. Consequently, the efficiency of total nitrogen removal throughout the whole system was over 96%.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
CHER-HEE PARK, TOSHIO KAJIUCHI, KAI QIN XU, YUHEI INAMORI, MASATAKE YA ...1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPulp bleaching wastewater (PBW) was treated with ozone to evaluate the effects of ozone treatment on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the molecular size distribution. It was found that the DOC in PBW was decreased substantially by ozone oxidation. It was also found that the substantial part of DOC cannot be removed by using UV irradiation or UV/H2O2 as a pretreatment step. The macromolecules were degraded to smaller fragments during ozone treatment, and 92.3% of macromolecules (M.W.3, 000-10, 000) was found to be converted to smaller fragments or mineralized during ozone treatment. In addition, the rate of DOC removal separately by biological treatment of fluidized aerobic reactor or by ozone treatment, was 30%. Removal rate by biological treatment after ozone treatment was increased up to 47%. Consequently, in total, 76% of DOC was removed. An obvious explanation for this is that monomol ecularization of polymolecular is carried out by ozone oxidation, and bio-degradation of DOC is promoted due to the increase of smaller fragment ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
BAO GANG LIU, TADAHIRO MORI1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 41-49
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA thermophilic oxic process was defined as the process which aerobically treats the high strength organic wastewater absorbed in the medium. Red bean processing wastewater was used in this experiment for investigating the formation of a minute amount of excess sludge affected by BOD load and temperature of the medium. The concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) of the wastewater were 36, 000mg/l and 4, 200mg/l, respectively. Wastewater was absorbed by the medium such as cedar chips, resulting in the improvement of air permeability. The medium functioned to provide a habitat for thermophilic bacteria. When the BOD load was 4kg⋅m-3⋅d-1 and the added water load was 110l⋅m-3⋅d-1, organic matter was effectively decomposed and the temperature increased to higher than 50°C. Though the removal efficiency of BOD was larger than 95%, a minute amount of excess sludge was formed because most of the organic matter in wastewater was converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the off-gas when the temperature was higher than 50°C. The constancy of the number of the thermophilic bacteria in the reactor was also observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2816K) -
SACHIKO ABE, TAKEO KATO, YOSIMITI ITO, KAZUHIKO YOKOBAYASI, KEIZO MIYA ...1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 51-59
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of effluent from sewage treatment plant on periphytic algae were surveyed five times in the Rivers Tsunaki and Hirose during 1993-1994.
The River Hirose is a symbolic river flowing through Sendai City and the River Tsunaki is a branch of that. In the sewage treatment plant an ozone treatment (injection rate: 4mg/l) is used for disinfection of effluents, the sewerage flowing into the River Tsunaki.
The periphytic algae and water quality were surveyed at three stations in both rivers. At all the stations the bacillariophytes were major, especially Cymbella minuta, Navicula lanceolata and Navicula gregaria were observed at most stations.And Nistzschia palea, which needs continuously elevated concentrations of organically bound nitrogen, appeared at the down stream stadons of discharging point. On the other hand the diversity index of periphytic algal communities receiving other sewage became higher than before. This indicates that the effluent from sewage treatment plant improved the periphytic algal communities at polluted places.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
ZEN'ICHIRO KAWABATA, MAN-GI MIN, KAZUAKI MATSUI, NOBUYOSHI ISHII1996 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 61-66
Published: March 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to count Escherichia coli both sensitive and resistant to ampicillin in a paddy field community, the quantity of Colilert, the time for incubation, and concentration of ampicillin were studied. Colilert was dissolved with sterilized distilled water and dispensed into a 1.5ml centrifuging tube and the MPN method under 30- to 70-hours incubation was adopted for enumeration of E. coli. Commercial Colilert could be reused 20 times. Colilert containing 0.5mg/l of ampicillin was applicable for counting E. coli resistant to ampicillin.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K)
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