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Volume 33 (1997)
- Issue 4 Pages 179-
- Issue 3 Pages 97-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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NOBUTADA NAKAMOTO, NORIYASU IWASE, KENTARO NOZAKI, MASASHI SAKAI1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 179-186
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeavy algal mat of a filamentous diatom is sometimes observed in an open slow sand filter. Amount of particle leakage breaking through a slow sand filter was measured as an indicator of chlorophyll α concentration in filtrate water during the filter run. Chlorophyll α concentration decreased rapidly since the beginning of filter operation. Chlorophyll α concentration after ll days of filter run reached to inconsiderable amount of 0.005 Chl. α mg m-3. This means the particle concentration breaking through the slow sand filter was negligibly small amount. Algal mat peeling during a continuous culture condition of filamentous diatom does not cause the particle leak through a slow sand filter.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
BAO GANG LIU, SHUJI NODA, ISAO YOSHIDA, TADAHIRO MORI1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 187-198
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA thermophilic oxic process has features that can be applied to treat various kinds of wastewaters which contain high concentrations of SS and BOD, such as swine waste and shochu processing wastewater. Though such wastewaters were treated at high BOD loads, a minute amount of excess sludge was formed. Cedar chips, wood charcoals, activated carbon and kumazasa charcoals were examined by using red bean processing wastewater to find the suitable characteristics as a medium in this process. In order to raise the temperature, the high water holding capacity of material was a necessary condition, since the added wastewater could be absorbed in the medium. The EP/W ratio was defined. It equals the ratio of effective pore volume (EP), constructed by the pore of which the diameter was larger than 10μm, to water holding capacity (W) . The high EP/W ratio of material means that this material can be a habitat of bacteria and the wastewater absorbed in the medium can be effectively treated. The equation (moisture content (w/v) ×BOD (g/l) ×EP/W>4) can be applied to primarily select the material as a medium for the thermophilic oxic process.View full abstractDownload PDF (7210K) -
YOSHIHITO TAKAHASHI1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 199-205
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain basic data on biohazard assessment and safety index for the reuse of treated sewage, identification, drug resistance and phage sensitivity on salmonellae isolated from various processes of a sewage treatment plant were investigated.
(1) Density of salmonellae which flow into the sewage treatment process showed weekly and daily changes.
(2) The greatest density on salmonellae was 110MPN/100ml of sewage during the investigation period.
(3) 29isolates of salmonellae were divided into 41% of BGI, 55% of BGIV and 4% of BGV, respectively.
(4) 42% of BGI and 62% of BGIV had resistance to penicillin, 17% of BGI and 12% of BGIV and 100% of BGV had resistance to two and more kinds of drug.
(5) 75% of BGI and 94% of BGIV had phage sensitivity.
(6) The greatest density on Salmonella phage was 550PFU/ml of raw wastewater for investigation period.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
KATSUHIKO KUNIYASU, NORIO HAYASHI, YUHEI INAMORI, RYUICHI SUDO1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 207-214
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSmall aquatic Oligochaetes are the typical metazoa found frequently in the activated sludge and bio-film from wastewater treatment system. Effect of environmental factors on growth characteristics of aquatic Oligochaetes, Aeolosoma hemprichi, Pristina longiseta, Nais variabilis were investigated. Using a sterilized activated sludge as the metazoan food, the monoxenic growth rate of small aquatic Oligochaetes, the effects of temperature, pH, phosphate buffer solution concentration, shake stress, food concentration were measured. Optimum temperature of A.heyprichi, P.longiseta, N.variabilis were 30, 35, 35°C, respectively. Phosphate buffer concentration which could grow normally were 1/375M for A. hemprichi, 1/150M for P. longiseta and N.variabilis. The optimum pH values in cultivating the Oligochaetes ranged from 5 to 9. The endurance of A. hemprichi against shake stress was higher than that of P. longiseta and N.variabilis.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
SATOSHI NAKAI, YUTAKA INOUE, MASAAKI HOSOMI, AKIHIKO MURAKAMI1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 215-222
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInhibitory effects of macrophytes on the growth of blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena flos-aquae, Phormidium tenue) were assayed in a mixed culture system with various concentrations of macrophytes, (i.e., coexistence assay) . Egeria densa, Cabomba caroliniana, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Eleocharis acicularis, Potamogeton oxyphyllus, Potamogeton crispus, Limnophila sessiliflora and Vallisneria denseserrulata were used as macrophytes. The coexistence assay showed the inhibitory effects of the macrophytes on algal growth and that, among the 9 macrophytes, C. caroliniana and M. spicatum were the only species to inhibit growth of all the species of blue green algae. The inhibitory effects of M. spicatum were stronger than those of C. caroliniana.
Due to its strong inhibition, we used the cultured solution of M. spicatum for an algal assay to confirm that the inhibitory effect of M. spicatum is caused by allelopathic compounds secreted by M. spicatum. The growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the quasi-continuous addition of the cultured solution of M. spicatum, whereas the initial addition did not inhibit their growth. Such results provide the evidence of the allelopathic compounds, which must be continuously secreted by M. spicatum.View full abstractDownload PDF (789K) -
YUHEI INAMORI, NORIO SUGIURA, TOUICHI EBISUNO, RYUICHI SUDO1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 223-232
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImprovement of eutrophicated lake water by biological treatment processes equipped with fixed bed, fluidized bed and their hybridized bed reactors packed with non-adsorbing or adsorbing contact materials was examined at bench scale level in situ. In the fixed reactor with nonadsorbing media, such as string, honeycomb-like tube and ceramics, particles like chlorophyll a (chl.a) as well as suspended solid (SS) were reduced with the removal of 30-50%, however removal efficiency of dissolved organics was very low. Removal capacity of chl.a and SS was as follows. String>Ceramics>Honeycomb-like tube. In the fluidized bed reactors with adsorbing granular activated carbon (GAC), total organics carbon (TOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as well as chl.a and SS were efficiently removed in comparison with the fixed reactors with non-adsorbing media. The removal was in the following order. Coal GAC (F-400) >Palm GAC>Coal GAC (Kureha) and Porous ceramic pellet. Removal efficiency of chl.a, SS and TOC were over 50%, and that of DOC reached about 60%. When GAC was granulated, chl.a and SS were reduced twice, comparing with the non-granulated GAC. There was a good correlation between the removal of chl.a and the number of microanimals appeared on the carriers in all of the bioreactors. In the survey of the attached microanimals on the biofilm, protozoan of Vorticella, Trochilia and sarcodina such as Euglypha and Centropyxis, and metazoan Philodina were found to contribute to the reduction of chl.a and SS on the non-adsorbing media. The efficient removal of dissolved organics from algae by the reactors with GAC was considered to be due to the activated bacteria and/or the attachment of suitable bacteria for utilization of the organics, not depending on the amount of bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K) -
TOSHIKO NAKAMURA, KENICHI SONEDA, MASANORI MIYATA, KAZUSI TAKEYASU1997 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 233-243
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCell concentration of micro-phytoplankton and Flagellates were high in raw water of Kunijima purification plant of Osaka waterworks, from July to August, 1996.
Then, turbidity was leaked to filtrate of water purification system, and the majority of turbid were due to picophytoplankton. Leakage was remarkable in the raw water which was taken in from afternoon to evening. 14 thousands cells/mL of picophytoplankton in filtrates show 0.1 degree of turbidity.
The results of coagulation-sedimentation by jar test examination were follows:
(1) Dosage of combined chlorine was effective. (2) Optimum pH of coagulation and floc formation was<7.2 by aluminium sulfate, <7.4 by polyaluminium chloride. (3) Increase of coagulant dose was effective but cells could not be removed over 99% in spite of 120mg/l dose.
The turbidity<0.1 was achieved by measures of chlorination, increase of coagulant dose, and pH modification.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K)
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