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Volume 36 (2000)
- Issue 4 Pages 161-
- Issue 3 Pages 107-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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KENITSU KONNO, NAOKI ABE, YOSHIRO SATO, KOJI AKAMATSU, MAKOTO ABE, JUN ...2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 161-171
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive strains belonging to Nocardiaform Actinomycets were isolated from the samples of foaming and scumming activated sludges of a sewage treatment plant in southern part of Miyagi, using modified Bennett medium. Their taxonomical identification was carried out on the basis of the presence of mycolic acid, type of menaquinone and other morphorogical, physiological and genetical examinations. All of the isolated strains had lipolytic activities while none of them had amylolytic and proteolytic activites. They assimilated fatty acids relatively well while they did not assimilate hydrocarbons except octadecane.
Most of them were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol although some of them were resistant to penicillin G and streptomycin. All of them did not have any foaming and sediment retarding effect on the activated sludges when their cultures were added to the normal activated sludges under various laboratory conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2160K) -
TATSUO SUMINO, NAOMICHI MORI, TAKAKO OGASAWARA, KAZUHIRO TANAKA2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 173-181
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate a biological succession of nitrifying bacteria entrapped in PEG gel, growth rate, death rate and nitrifying rate of nitrifying bacteria were investigated under a various phase condition. The immobilized nitrifying bacteria were acclimated for 2 weeks with supply of inorganic synthetic wastewater containing NH4-N of 20mg/l. Specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria was 0.73 d-1 and nitrifying bacteria increased to 109 MPN/ml-pellet under acclimation term. After acclimation wastewater with NH4-N 20-100mg/l was continuously treated at a loading rate of 0.16-0.80kg-N/m3/d. The NH4-N concentration of the effluent could be reduced to 2mg/l or less and removal ratio was 90%. Number of nitrifying bacteria was oscillated between 107-109MPN/ml-pellet under steady state loading condition. Nitrification rate was increasing with increase in number of nitrifying bacteria. Nitrifying bacteria was decreasing during no loading condition. The specific death rate was 0.14-0.15d-1 and half life time was 4-5d.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
SHIN MYOUNG KIM, MICHIHIKO IKE, SHINYA TACHIBANA, GO KITADA, TOMOHIKO ...2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 183-192
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to reduce the production cost of bioflocculants we proposed to utilize acetic and/or propionic acids, which can be produced from organic wastes by anaerobic digestion, as the substrates for the bioproduction. To realize this strategy, bacterial strains which can produce kaolin-flocculating agents (bioflocculants) from acetate and/or propionate were screened from various environmental sources. Four bacterial strains which showed especially effective flocculating activity were named TKF01, TKF02, TKF03 and TKF04 and identified as Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Haemophilus sp. and Citrobacter sp., respectively, according to their morphological and physiological properties. The optimum temperature and pH for the biofocculant production were approximately 30°C and 7.0-8.0, respectively, for all the strains. They could utilize some organic acids, sugars and/or alcohols for their growth, however, acetate was the most effective substrates for bioflocculant production. The bioflocculants were found to be effective for the flocculation of a kaolin suspension in wide range of pHs (2.0-10.0) and temperatures (ca.10-80°C), while the co-presence of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ etc.) did not enhance the flocculating activity. Two of the bioflocculants could flocculate a variety of suspended p articles including kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, activated carbon, soil and activated sludge, while the other 2 were effective for limited ranges of particles, only kaolin and diatomite or soil. The results suggested that various types of bioflocculants can be produced from acetate and/or propionate, although no report has described bioflocculant production from these substrates so far.View full abstractDownload PDF (1170K) -
KAZUNARI SEI, KEN-ICHIRO ASANO, NAOHIRO TATEISHI, KAZUHIRO MORI, MICHI ...2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 193-204
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made so as to establish simple and rapid DNA extraction methods for PCR-based monitoring of microbial community in the water/soil environment. Several kinds of cell-lysis enzyme, chemical agents, and mechanical treatments (proteinase K, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), CTAB (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide), PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone), freeze-and-thaw, and ultrasonication) were comparatively investigated solely or in combinations for their DNA extracting capability against each 3 water and soil samples inoculated with the PCR-targeting bacterium, Pseudomonas putida BH. For water samples, cell lysis with proteinase K allowed to detect the target bacterium at a sensitivity at 101cells/ml against backgrounds of indigenous bacteria at 104-105 cfu/ml with the DNA recovery of ca.25-55%, when coupled with the phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. However, the other alternatives investigated showed considerable inhibitory effects on the PCR amplification and were, therefore, less sensitive. For soil samples, ultrasonication in addition to the uses of proteinase K and SDS in the presence of a high concentration of chelating agent wasthe most effective, although purification of the DNA extracts with a spun column were required in addition to the phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. This method enabled the PCR-mediated detection of the target bacterium at 101-102 cells/g of the soil samples where 107-109 cfu/g of indigenous bacteria existed and the DNA yield was 80-95%. The methods established here seem to be able to extract a most or considerable portion of the DNA from a variety of environmental samples with a sufficiently high purity for PCR amplification. These methods also seem routinely applicable, because the procedures are very simple and do not contain time-consuming and labor-full operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1336K) -
YOSHINORI SATO, MINORU NAGASAKA2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 205-212
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, a method for estimating degradation characteristics of organic matter and nitrification conditions in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was investigated by measuring oxygen uptake rate (OUR) . The experiments were carried out by changing the ratio of the influent fed in the SBR. The influent used for the experiment was collected from a separated-type sewage-treatment plant, where mainly domestic wastewater has been treated. Two kinds of OURs: total oxygen uptake rate (TOUR) and carbonaceous oxygen uptake rate (COUR) were measured simultaneously. The COUR was measured in the presence of allylthiourea as a nitrification inhibitor. Nitrogenous oxygen uptake rate (NOUR) was calculated by subtracting COUR from TOUR. It is suggested that the measurement of COUR could be used to estimate the concentration of TOC in the supernatant of the mixed liquor in the SBR. The application of NOUR was found to be very effective for examining the presence of NH4-N in the effluent. Thus the degradation characteristics of organic matter and the nitrification conditions in the SBR could be analyzed by measuring both COUR and NOUR.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
TAKAHIRO SEKIKAWA, NAOYUKI MIYATA, KEISUKE IWAHORI2000 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 213-220
Published: December 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatabilities of food-processing industrial wastewater containing raw starch were experimentally investigated in batch and continuous cultures with Aspergillus niger pellets.
In batch culture using wastewater of 10, 000 mg-TOC/l containing in raw starch of 25 g/l, the removal efficiencies of starch and TOC reached 90% and 44% for 10 days, respectively. An important information from practical point of view was that starch granules were rapidly incorporated into the pellet inside with growth of pellets. It can be assumed that high removal efficiency of starch is closely related to this incorporation.
In continuous culture using wastewater of 1, 000 mg-TOC/l containing raw starch of 1.25 g/l and soluble starch of 1.25 g/l, the removal efficiency of starch was held at over 77% during experimental period of 28 days by replacing the grown pellets with new ones.
By use of multi-stage reactor with fungal and activated sludge processes, the removal efficiencies of total sugar and TOC in the food-processing industrial wastewater containing raw starch were held at 100%and over 86%, respectively. This result clearly shows that the actual industrial wastewater can be effectively treated in multi-stage process with Aspergillus niger pellets and activated sludge.View full abstractDownload PDF (2818K)
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