Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society

Varietal resistance to sheath blight of rice plant caused by Pellicularia sasakii (SHIRAI) S. ITO

Akinori EZUKA, Yoshiro SAKURAI, Hiromu OKAMOTO

1971 Volume 13 Pages 1-6
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_1

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Varietal resistance to sheath blight of rice plant has been regarded by many workers as a case of “disease escaping” owing to the secondary factors such as late maturity or poor luxuriance, rather than “resistance” in a narrow sense. The present study was designed to determine the degree of varietal resistance of the host tissue itself when the secondary factors were removed as far as possible.
Thirty-eight (in some experiments, representative 8) varieties of Japanese paddy rice with different plant types and heading dates were tested for resistance to sheath blight by several inoculation methods as follows :
(1) Seedlings of 7th to 8th leaf age were inoculated at the 5th leaf sheaths in a moist chamber.
(2) Leaf sheath cuttings of adult plants were inoculated in test tubes.
(3) Using the lesions resulted from the above-mentioned method (2) as inocula, leaf sheath cuttings of a susceptible variety were inoculated in test tubes.
(4) Adult plants in field were inoculated at the 3rd leaf sheaths.
(5) Adult plants in field were inoculated at the lowest part of the stems.
For the experiments (1), (2), (3) and (4), the lesion length was measured 48 hours after inoculation. For the experiment (5), the percentage of diseased hills and number of healthy leaf sheaths were examined 41 days after inoculation.
In the former 4 experiments, where the effects of secondary factors such as heading date or plant type might be negligible, no remarkable differences in resistance were observed among the tested varieties. On the other hand, marked difference was observed in number of healthy leaf sheaths in the latter experiment (5). The late varieties seemed likely more resistant than the early ones, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.746*** between the heading date and the number of healthy leaf sheaths. This may be due to the late growth of late varieties under the cool weather unfavorable for the causal fungus.
These results support the view of previous workers, that the varietal resistance to seath blight may be attributed to the disease escaping. It may be said that the plant tissue itself has no appreciable varietal resistance so far as tested.

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Studies on the protection of rice blast by root absorption of the chemicals

II Protective effects of IBP for some diseases and pests of rice plants

Toshio KAWAI, Yoshio KITAMURA, Tomimasa OKUMURA, Yoshikatsu HASEGAWA

1971 Volume 13 Pages 7-13
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_7

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Protective effects of IBP (O, O-diisopropyl-S-benzylthiophosphate) granules were investigated against some diseases and pests of rice plants.
IBP was the most effective for control of culm rot caused by Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare Crally et Tullis, in application 7 days before the heading stage and still effective 33 days. In the pot test, application of IBP before inoculation with the fungus showed about the same protective effect for culm rot as that after the disease occurrence by the inoculation. Therefore, it was found that culm rot had longer effective period for the application of IBP than blast.
IBP showed also the same protective effects as organic arsine compounds to sheath blight and NAC (n-methyl-l-naphthyl carbamate) wettable powder to the brown plant hopper.
Fungicidal activities of IBP against H. sigmoideum var. irregulare and sheath blight fungus, Pellicularia sasakii (Shirai) S. Ito, were not so strong in vitro that mechanism of action of IBP on culm rot and sheath blight diseases seemed not to be attributed to the direct fungicidal activities to these fungi themselves.
On the one hand, IBP gave a certain degree of protective effect against brown spot and hogare, but no effect against the rice stem borer.

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Ecological studies on the Cupreous Chafer, Anomala cuprea HOPE (Coleoptera) I.

On the kind of species of plants injured by the adult insect in Shizuoka prefecture

Masayoshi YOSHIDA, Jojiro NISHIGAKI, Hidekazu ASAI

1971 Volume 13 Pages 14-20
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_14

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With the object of making clear the kind of species of food plants in jured by this adult insect in outbreak areas in Shizuoka Prefecture, the authors investigated the number of them gathering on damaged plants and the degree of damage observed in those in the groves of the tutelary shrines and the seedling beds of nursery gardens where the food plants were planted comparatively in plenty.
(1) 28 kinds of species (15 Families) of plants were observed as the food plants for them. The fruit trees in which the damage was very serious were Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc. (chestnut), Prunus Mume Sieb. et Zucc. (plum), Diospyros Kaki Thunb. (kaki) and Vitis vinifera L. (grape vine). And Podocarpus macrophylla D. Don, Platanus orientalis L., Albizzia Julibrissin Durazz., Rhus javanica L., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. and Quercus serrata Thunb. were also recognized among other plants which were seriously injured.
(2) Comparing this data with the report of Yuasa and Endo in 1938, the kinds of species of those in Shizuoka prefecture which had not been reported till now, were Salix Bakko Kimura, Quercus dentata Thunb., Celtis sinensis Pers. var. japonica Nakai, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Rhus javanica L., Kerria japonica DC., Crataegus cuneata Sieb. et Zucc., Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet, Achyranthes japonica Nakai and Smilax China L..
(3) Paulownia tomentosa Steudel, Rhododendron obtusum Planch., Citrus Unshiu Marcov., Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. Otaksa Makino, Cinnamomum Camphora Sieb., Quercus glauca Thunb., Alnus japonica Steud. and Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. were reported as the food plants of Cupreous Chafer by Yuasa and Endo etc., but in this investigation the damage inflicted by them could not be recognized, though those plants existed in the place where they might be injured by them.
(4) In case of the outbreak they gathered in the hedge of Podocarpus rnacrophyll (Chinese yew-tree) and on the leaves of chestnut and kaki in the garden, and damaged them remarkably. And then such suitable food plants did not exist in the neighborhood, they gathered on the leaves of Acer palmatum Thunb. and Pinus Thunbergii Parl in the garden, and injured them a little, which were not reported at all until now. It was considered that the degree of the damage of plants injured by them differed according to circumstances.

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Notes on the natural enemies of the San José scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (COMSTOCK)

Makoto MATSUURA, Shigeyoshi HATTA

1971 Volume 13 Pages 21-24
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_21

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The authors give a list of the natural enemies of the San José scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) found at Wakayama Prefecture, southwest Japan in 1968-1969. These comprised as predators Chilocorus kuwanae Silvestri, Lasius niger Linné and Clania minuscula Butler and the Hymenopterus parasites Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Craw, Prospaltera sp., Aphytis sp. and Physcus sp.. The most important were Chilocorus kuwanae and Aspidiotiphagus citrinus, and the other species encounted were rare on Quadraspidiotus perniciosus in the citrus orchard. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus was attacked by the hyperparasite Marietta carnesi Howard and Chilocorus kuwanae by Homalotylus flaminius Dalman. Notes are given on their seasonal occurrence, relative abundance and stage attacked.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1971 Volume 13 Pages 25-28
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_25

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1971 Volume 13 Pages 28-30
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_28

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[title in Japanese]

1971 Volume 13 Pages 31-57
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_31

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[title in Japanese]

1971 Volume 13 Pages 58-84
Published: February 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.13.0_58

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