Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society

The transitions of occurrence and control of major rice insect pests in Tokai district

Shojiro KARIYA

1977 Volume 19 Pages 1-10
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_1

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The transitions of occurrence and control of major insect pests of rice in Tokai district were reviewed. Data were obtained from the annual reports of Prefectural Forecasting Offices in Aichi, Gifu and Mie.
Annual catches of 5 major insect pests by the light traps in Agricultural Experiment Stations were compared for 29 years from 1947 to 1975. The major pests were as follows: the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, the white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth, and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. The trend curves of the occurrence of the pests were given by fitting the logarithmic numbers of the annual catches to the quadratic exponential formulae. Decreasing trends were observed in the recent years for all pests except for N. cincticeps in Mie.
The trend curves were also examined for the percentage acreage in the infested paddy fields and of the paddy fields treated with insecticides. Seven minor pests were added to the major pests in this examination. Some different trends were observed between the pests and between the localities. Infested areas by S. furcifera, the plant bugs, the rice plant skipper, Parnara guttata Bremer et Grey, and the rice leaf beetle, Oulema oryzae Kuwayama, increased in recent years in Aichi and Gifu, while almost all pests except for the plant bugs decreased in Mie. The acreage of the paddy fields treated with insecticides against all major pests increased gradually in both Aichi and Gifu. While in Mie, the acreage decreased except for N. cincticeps and the plant bugs. Those differences in the trend between the localities are considered to be related to the timing of the transplantation of rice seedlings and of the harvest.

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Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of fruit-bodies of Lentinus edodes (BERK.) SING. on plant virus

Yasushi TAKAGI, Yukio SUGIMURA

1977 Volume 19 Pages 11-16
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_11

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Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of fruit-bodies of Lentinus edodes (BERK.) SING. on infection and replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated. The extract inhibited TMV infection when it was mixed with TMV or applied to plant leaves before inoculation with the virus. However, the extract had little effect on TMV infection when it was applied after virus inoculation, and it had no effect when it was applied to the lowler surface of leaves then TMV was inocuated to the upper surface. The extract also inhibited TMV replication when tobacco leaf disks inoculated with TMV were cultured on it. The inhibitory activity of the extract on TMV infection was maintained after heat treatment (120°C, 20 min.) or dialization against water. On the other hand, the inhibitory activity of the extract on TMV replication was diminished by dialization; and the activity was detected in external water of dializing bag. The inhibitory activity of the extract on TMV infection and on TMV replication were detected respectively in quickly eluted fractions and the following fractions from Sephadex G-75 column.

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Development of the celery leaf tier, Udea testacea BUTLER (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Hideo YAMADA

1977 Volume 19 Pages 17-20
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_17

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Development of the celery leaf tier, a pest of various vegetables and flowering plants such as celery, cabbage, daikon, lettuce, chrythanthemum, aster and so on in Japan, was investigated.
The larvae were shown to moult five times feeding on cabbage leaves and pupate. The larval period lasted about 23 days at 20°C. The threshold temperatures for development and the effective thermal totals of eggs, larvae, pupae, and egg to moth emergence were assumed as 6.8, 9.8, 8.3, and 8.0°C and 92, 270, 122, and 480 day-degrees, respectively. Preovipositional period of female moths was found to be 1 to 2 days at 25°C. Development of the larvae and pupae were not retarded at 20 and 25°C even under 12-12 hr. light-dark photoperiod. The growing larvae were seen throughout the year in cabbage fields. It was inferred from the above mentions that the numbers of generations in a year were approximate 5 to 6 in Tsu district, temperate parts of Japan. The female moths lived about 9 days and laid average 280 eggs.

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Effect of polyoxin on fungi (VI)

Effect of polyoxin on infection process of cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Pollacci

Hiroshi ISHIZAKI, Junko FUJIWARA, Hiroshi KUNOH

1977 Volume 19 Pages 21-26
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_21

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Effects of polyoxin on infection process of Sphaerotheca fuliginea (SCHL.) POLLACCI were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopies. Conidia were inoculated to cotyledons of cucumber which absorbed polyoxin from roots. About 70% of conidia were inhibited to germinate by 50-500 ppm of polyoxin. Furthermore, about 20% of conidial germ tubes swelled by 50 ppm polyoxin treatment, and 87 and 86% did by 200 and 500 ppm treatment, respectively. Similarly, tips of secondary hyphae swelled by polyoxin treatment. Higher concentration of polyoxin induced more number of the swelling tip. As the result, branching of hyphae decreased in number and mycelial colonies developed poorly on cotyledons treated by higher concentrations of polyoxin. The present results suggested that polyoxin effects on cucumber powdery mildew were the inhibition of penetration activity by the induction of swelling germ tube and the suppression of mycelial growth by the inhibition of hyphal branching.

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Some properties of inhibitors of plant virus infection occurring in the leaves of spinach.

2. Purification of a highly potent inhibitor.

Takeshi TANIGUCHI

1977 Volume 19 Pages 27-32
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_27

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A purification procedure has been devised for a highly potent inhibitor of virus infection occurring in spinach, Spinacia oleracea L.. The frozen leaves and stems of spinach plants were homogenized with 0.1M, pH 7.0 phosphate buffer (neutral PB) and pressed through gauze. The expressed juice was centrifuged at low speed (at 10,000×g for 20 minutes). The supernatant was heated at 100°C for 1-3 minutes in a water bath and centrifuged after cooling. The supernatant was then brought to 50% saturation by slowly adding ammonium sulphate with stirring. After centrifugation, the inhibitor was precipitated from the obtained supernatant by 100%saturated ammonium sulphate. The resulted precipitate was collected by centrifugation and resuspended in neutral PB.
The above partially purified inhibitor was further purified by gel filtration and ion exchange column chromatographies. Sephadex G50 gel filtration chromatography of the inhibitor solution showed that most inhibitory activity was eluted in the void volume. The inhibitor-containing fractions were combined and subjected to Sephadex G100 gel filtration. Three peaks were obtained and the inhibitory activity was fined in the second peak. These gel filtration experiments suggested that the inhibitor has molecular weight of 20,000-40,000.
Anion exchange chromatography on ECTEOLA cellulose showed that inhibitory activity was not adsorbed by the adsorbent at neutral pH. Cation exchange column chromatography on cellulose phosphate showed that the inhibitor was adsorbed at pH 5.9 and eluted by 1M NaCl.
When the inhibitor was adjusted to pH 0.5 for 0.5-3 hours and the reaction readjusted to pH 7, there was rather small change in the inhibitive effect. However, the greater part of inhibitive activity was destroyed in alkaline solution at pH 13.3 for 0.5-3 hours. The activity was also completely destroyed with phenol treatment.
The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the purified inhibitor solution showed the typical curve of a protein with a maximum absorption at about 280 nm.
The separation of virus from the virus-inhibitor mixture by gel filtration showed that no permanent effect occurred between virus and inhibitor.

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Notes on the natural enemies of the smaller citrus mealybug, Pseudococcus citriculus Green

Makoto MATSUURA

1977 Volume 19 Pages 33-38
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_33

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The author gives a list of the natural enemies of the smaller citrus mealybug, Pseudococcus citriculus Green found in Wakayama prefecture, southwest Japan in 1969-70. These comprised as predators Hyperaspis japonica (Crotch), Scymnus (Nephus) phosphorus Lewis, Gn. et sp.(Col., Coccinellidae), Chrysopa sp. (Neur., Chrysopidae) and Nipponodiplosis hirticornis (Felt)(Dip. Cecidomyiidae) and the Hymenopterous parasites, Anagyrus subalbipes Ishii, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, Clausenia sp. and Allotropa sp.. The most important enemy recorded in the citrus orchards was the gall midge, Nipponodiplosis hirticornis, which attacked all the stages from eggs to adults.

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Damage of Japanese persimon attacked by several species of stink bug and their life histories

Fumitaka IKEDA, Kazuhisa FUKUYO

1977 Volume 19 Pages 39-46
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_39

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 47-48
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_47

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A record of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus in Japan

Hitoshi TSUZUKI, Takashi AMANO, Tetsu ASAYAMA, Hideo ITO, Yoshiharu IS ...

1977 Volume 19 Pages 49-51
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_49

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Outbreaks of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel were found in rice fields of Aichi prefecture on May 1976. This is the first record of invasion into Japan. Distribution of this outbreaks were spread by the flood of rice fields. The adult feeding on leaves of younger rice plants and the larva pruning rice roots were observed in the rice fields of early planting cultivation. Formation of the cell (cocoon) attached to the rice roots was observed, and the new adult could be found in Summer. The species overwinters in adult and has one generation a year in Aichi. They are probably increased by parthenogenesis.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 52-60
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_52

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 61-64
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_61

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1977 Volume 19 Pages 65-69
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_65

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 70-72
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_70

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 73-75
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_73

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 76-79
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_76

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[title in Japanese]

1977 Volume 19 Pages 102-146
Published: March 31, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.19.0_102

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