Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 1-11
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_1

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Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis and change in population of epiphytic microorganisms on leaves of plants after sprayed with B. thuringiensis insecticide

Yasushi TAKAGI, Makio USUI, Yuji WATANABE

1976 Volume 18 Pages 12-17
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_12

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When Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide was applied to plants, the number of the bacteria on the leaves derived from this insecticide was decreased with time after application. The rate of decrease of the bacteria was affected by the nature of leaf surface and the rainfall. The population of epiphytic fungi on plant leaves was increased by application of B. thuringiensis insecticide, but it was reduced to normal population within a short period. Therefore there is little possibility that the bacteria derived from B. thuringiensis insecticide servive for a long period and disturb the microflora on the plant leaves.

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Some properties of inhibitors of plant virus infection occurring in the leaves of spinach

Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Toshimichi SUMIYA

1976 Volume 18 Pages 18-22
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_18

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The frozen leaves and stems of spinach plants were homogenized with 0.1 M, pH 7.0 phosphate buffer (neutral PB) and pressed through gauze. The expressed juice was centrifuged at low speed (20 minutes at 10,000×g). The supernatant was then brought to 25% saturation by slowly adding saturated ammonium sulfate solution with stirring. After 3 or more hours at about 4°C the precipitate was collected by centrifugation and resuspended in neutral PB. Using the same procedure, the supernatant was then successively brought to 50 and 75% saturation with saturated ammonium sulfate solution and the precipitate was resuspended in neutral PB. The final supernatant containing 75% saturated ammonium sulfate was dialysed against neutral PB. The above 4 fractions were assayed for inhibitory activity against TMV on half-leaves of Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN. The precipitates obtained with 50 and 75% saturated ammonium sulfate had large inhibitory activity. Gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G 200 and G 50 suggested that the inhibitors have molecular weights between 8,000 and 200,000. The inhibitory substances were heat stable at 100°C for 1 minute.
The original supernatant was brought to 50% saturation with saturated ammonium sulfate solution and the precipitate was suspended in neutral PB. After centrifugation, the obtained supernatant was heated at 100°C for 1 minute and the precipitate was discarded by centrifugation. Ion-exchange column chromatography on ECTEOLA cellulose of the obtained supernatant showed that most inhibitory activity was eluted in the first peak which contains materials not adsorbed by the ion-exchanger. The inhibitor-containing fractions were combined and subjected to Sephadex G50. filtration. The inhibitory activity was eluted in the first peak.
From the results obtained here, a partial purification procedure of the virus inhibitors was devised.

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Studies on the control of Bakanae disease of rice plant

II. Effect of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl by spraying at the flowering stage of rice plant on the control of Bakanae disease

Yoshio KITAMURA

1976 Volume 18 Pages 23-27
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_23

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Rice plants grown in the field were inoculated with the spore suspension of Bakanae fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi (Saw.) S. Ito, during two days consecutively at the flowering stage of the plants. Spraying with 1: 500 dilution of Benlate and Topsin-M wettable powder containing 50% benomyl and 70% thiophanate-methyl, respectively, was made at two different times, that is, 4 hours before and 20 hours after inoculation of the fungus. In order to clarify the degree of invasion of the fungus into seeds hervested from those plants, the mycelia in hull and hulled rice were examined. While, the efficiency of practical control on Bakanae disease was judged in the seedling bed test in next spring. Spraying with 1: 500 dilution of Benlate wettable powder was apt to be more effective for both the inhibition of the fungus invasion into seeds and the control of Bakanae disease than that of Topsin-M wettable powder.
The seeds from those plants were soaked in Benlate wettable powder suspension separately at 1: 500-1: 7,000 dilution for 6 hours. The soaking of Benlate-sprayed seeds in the suspension at 1: 7, 000 dilution showed good controlling effect on Bakanae disease about equall to that of untreated seeds in the suspension at 1: 500 dilution, though it was less effective than that in the suspension at 1: 500 dilution.
On the one hand, 2 times spraying with 1: 500 dilution of Benlate wettable powder at the flowering stage of rice plants gave the best control effect on Bakanae disease in the field where Bakanae disease was found to occur severely.
From these results, it seemed that Bakanae disease was effectively controlled and the efficiency of seed disinfection increased remarkably, when Benlate (benomyl 50% WP) was sprayed with 1: 500 dilution twice at the flowering stage of rice plants.

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Notes on the life-cycle of the smaller green flower chafer

Makoto MATSUURA

1976 Volume 18 Pages 28-32
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_28

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The smaller green flower chafer, Oxycetonia jucunda Faldermann is common throughout southwest of Japan and attacks Citrus seriously only locally and occasionally. Observations in Wakayama Pref. showed that the overwintered adults appeared from late April to May, and both activity and population density were reached maximum in middle May. In August the population was rapidly contracting and the adults died before autumn though females lived somewhat longer than males. The larvae which hatched from June to middle July completed their development in about 2~3 months after two moulting, and the newly-emerged adults appeared from August to October. But 12% of the larvae reached the fourth instar stage at October and hibernated under laboratory conditions.

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An acute Phytophthora wilt of cucumber in Sagano district of Kyoto

II. Field experiment for control of this disease by Utsugi's graftingcutting method

Yoshio MIYATA, Tomoyoshi TERADA, Osamu UMEKAGE, Hajime MASAGO

1976 Volume 18 Pages 33-40
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_33

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An acute and severe cucumber wilt which was caused by Phytophthora melonis KATSURA or the relative species occured on a field in Sagano district of Kyoto in late June, 1974. The field provided a naturally infested soil that should be most desirablly used for evaluation of disease control measure.
Utsugi's grafting-cutting method of cucumber with two varieties of squash (Kurodane and Shintosa) as the stock plants showed a marked effect controlling the disease. The wilting rate averaged from the two separate experiment, were 59.7%, 7.0% and 3.6% on ungrafted, grafted with Kurodane and with Shintosa respectively. In the grafted plants, all of the infected portions were the basal stems of cucumbers.

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Histopathology of a granulosis in the larva of the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

Tetsu ASAYAMA

1976 Volume 18 Pages 41-46
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_41

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Cyto- and histopathological observations of the Plutella xylostella larva infected with the granulosis virus were carried out using electron microscope. Fat body cell of the larva infected with the virus showed hypertrophy of nucleus, protrusion and subsidence of nuclear membrane.
In advanced infection stages, disappearance of nuclear membrane was observed. However, appearance of the virus within the nuclear matrix was not confirmed. Formation of inclusion body of the virus occurred within the cytoplasm of brain and epidermal cells. Structure of the inclusion body was the exactly same as that formed in the cytoplasm of fat body cell. However, multiplication of the virus was not observed in mid gut tissue, cuticle layer of integument and silk gland. Aside from these studies, color changes of the pellet of purified inclusion bodies in wet circumstance were seen within the hue ranges of pale purplish pink, pinkish white, grayish white, greenish white and pale green under the sun light. However, those color changes disappeared after the desiccation or alkali treatment of the pellet.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 47-50
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_47

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 50-53
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_50

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 54-56
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_54

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1976 Volume 18 Pages 56-61
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_56

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 62-65
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_62

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 65-69
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_65

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[title in Japanese]

1976 Volume 18 Pages 87-112
Published: March 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4165/kapps1958.18.0_87

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