In the structural members under kinetic heating, it is usual that the deformation problems such as buckling are considered under uniform temperature distribution through the thickness and that the thermal stresses are simply given only by the temperature distribution without taking account of the deformation. However, if the temperature gradient exists through the thickness, the members may deflect from the beginning of heating, exhibiting no buckling behavior, and the thermal stresses will be thereafter made clear of itself. It is the purpose of this paper to present the above-mentioned fundamental purport of the problems under non-uniform temperature distribution in a simple thin beam having rectangular cross-section, not to make it ambiguous because of mathematical complexity, before entering into the plate problems. The two cases of clamped and simply supported ends where axial displacements are restrained, were discussed taking account of the finite deformation. When the temperature distribution exists along the length such as d
2T
2/dx
2≠0(T
2 is the temperature gradient through the thickness and x is the axial coordinate), the beam deflects from the beginning of heating. While, when d
2T
2/dx
2=0, the clamped beam does not deflect initially, even if T
2 exists along the beam, but the simply supported beam deflects initially, if T
2 exists at both ends. In other cases, it will be seen the deformation behavior such as in the Euler buckling.
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