Computer & Education
Online ISSN : 2188-6962
Print ISSN : 2186-2168
ISSN-L : 2186-2168
Volume 51
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
Special Reports on "Programming Education in Elementary School Opening the Door to New Learning "
  • Toshiharu Kano
    2021Volume 51 Pages 14-19
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     Under the new course of study, information utilization abilities are to be developed in all subjects . This is because there is a recognition that information utilization ability is necessary to live in the coming era and must be acquired across subjects. In fact, if you learn character input, file operations, and how to use general software in the lower grades of elementary school, it will be utilized throughout your school life. This is the same for programming and data utilization. In addition, it is premised that an information terminal is at hand for both collaborative learning and individual optimal learning. It can be said that learning the new course of study is based on the premise that each person can use an information terminal. With the GIGA school concept, elementary and junior high schools have achieved this, followed by high schools. Appropriate development of information utilization ability in conjunction with the GIGA school concept will have a positive impact on all subjects.

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  • The Current Situation and Issues
    Kazuhiro Abe
    2021Volume 51 Pages 20-26
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In April 2020,the new elementary school curriculum guidelines that include programming education were implemented. However,because of the COVID-19 pandemic,few classes have been held to experience programming. Looking back at the past elementary school programming education,I will explain the efforts that were made with a mixture of ideas from various standpoints. Then,I will introduce the "unplugged" classes without computers that were conducted in many schools during the transition period and propose a solution to the problem and the "programming phobia" behind it.

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  • Naoko Kuriyama, Takahiro Saito, Hideki Mori, Akinori Nishihara
    2021Volume 51 Pages 27-32
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     We offered programming lessons for 1026 students at eight public elementary schools. The result of the questionnaire survey showed that the students who are in the higher group of “motivation of satisfaction” and “motivation of practical” in learning motivation have higher score of “awareness of logical thinking”,“exploration”,“evidence” in the critical thinking scale. We then showed the cases of lesson practice of "electric current flow" and verified that the students can understand the meaning of modeling through the programming lessons in subject.

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  • Examples of Efforts to Foster Computational Thinking
    Ryuichi Morimune
    2021Volume 51 Pages 33-38
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The current course of study requires programming education through elementary, junior high, and high schools.In programming education at an elementary school, students can develop programming thinking skills while experiencing “the ability to instruct a computer to perform the intended processing”, and solve familiar problems by making good use of computers. It aims to foster an attitude of trying to build a better society.In order to achieve the purpose of programming education in elementary school, we have been making efforts according to the developmental stage using visual languages such as Viscuit and Scratch.From the questionnaire after the lessons, many children noticed that the information society is supported by programming, felt its importance, and cultivated an attitude of wanting to continue learning programming. It was shown that the purpose of programming education was achieved to some extent.

     On the other hand, abilities that cannot be acquired at the elementary school stage and problems are also found, and we will discuss what is necessary for the continuous enhancement of programming education through junior high and high schools.

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  • How to Apply Mathematics Lessons to Programming
    Kenji Yoshida, Yuji Shinoda, Shigeki Matsumoto
    2021Volume 51 Pages 39-45
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     With the spread of COVID-19, the environment of one PC/tablet per student is about to be realized earlier than the roadmap at the time of the launch of the GIGA school concept(GIGA: Global and Innovation Gateway for All). However, in the mathematics department of the new Courses of Study for mathematics announced in 2009, there is no description of programming-oriented thinking, and only mentions the appropriate use of PCs. Therefore, this paper considers computational thinking(CT)as the core of programming-oriented thinking, and discuss CT hidden in solution methods mainly in junior high school mathematics. Using mathematics teaching materials as an example, reinterpreting the solutions given in textbooks, etc. from the perspective of CT will connect to the subject to programming of “Technology and Home Economics” in middle school and “Information” in high school. Furthermore, teaching methods that make mathematics the foundation for CT will be considered.

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  • Michiyo Oda, Yoko Noborimoto, Tatsuya Horita
    2021Volume 51 Pages 46-51
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The purpose of this paper is to obtain suggestions for minimizing the curriculum time lag in computer science in Japan through investigating the factors that influence it. The results showed that the challenge of the Japanese curriculum time lag lies in the decision-making time lag. Although countries often adopt the fixed curriculum reform cycles, and Japan is one of them, the fixed cycles may make it difficult to respond to new social demands or research results. It is suggested that Japan introduce a framework that would allow for ad hoc partial curriculum changes.

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Research Articles
  • Yukinobu Sumitomo, Wuyi Yue
    2021Volume 51 Pages 52-57
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In this paper, we construct a community-based campus tour support system with an automatic Web information extraction and transmission function to utilize the surrounding local resources. With this system the attractiveness of the university can be conveyed more efficiently and interests in the university can be further deepened. We also conduct a demonstration experiment to evaluate the system performance quantitively. Therefore, (1) we construct a function that automatically extracts and presents images and videos related to each POI from the Web along with Point of Interest (POI) data of cafes and restaurants along the road according to location information on campus. We also develop a guidance function that allows route selection from the current location according to user needs from the station closest to the campus, including route guidance between facilities. Then, (2) we apply online realism that makes full use of the Internet to the social life of Covid-19, by transmitting video content with voice guidance using the original character of the university to the main facilities and landscape videos on the campus. Next, we implement the functions (1) and (2) in the Open Campus (OC) tour support system and put into practical use on the day of the open campus. Furthermore, we conduct demonstration experiments to verify the performance of this system and clarify its effectiveness and usefulness.

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Pedagogical Articles
  • Shota Itagaki, Tomoya Asamizu, Kazunori Sato, Satoshi Nakagawa, Kazuki ...
    2021Volume 51 Pages 58-63
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     We developed and practiced the classes of programming with AI in junior high school technology education and evaluated the classes by changes of students' awareness about AI. The classes were conducted in 3 class hours and had students engage in problem solving learning using a tool that can combine visual programming language and visual recognition of AI. Comparing before and after the classes,it was confirmed that students' anxiety about advance in AI has reduced and self-confidence about solving problem using AI is increased.

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  • Ryo Yoshikawa, Misato Abe, Taro Aoyama
    2021Volume 51 Pages 64-69
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In this study,we designed an online workshop of art appreciation through discussion using an online conference system,and evaluated its effectiveness. As a timeline of this workshop,we incorporated the activities of repeated viewing and discussion of the art film with others. From the analysis of the post-workshop questionnaire,it was found that some participants said that the opinions of others had influenced their own view of the film,suggesting that the workshop designed in this study had a certain effect in establishing an art appreciation through discussion via online.

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  • Tomohiro Yamamoto, Seiji Yokoyama
    2021Volume 51 Pages 70-74
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study examined the pedagogical effectiveness of a gaming application on a tablet PC for a goal-type ball exercise class in elementary school physical education. An awareness survey was administered to students to verify whether the gaming application effectively represented movements and helped students understand them, compared to a whiteboard lesson. The results showed that students' understanding of movements and strategy was significantly higher after using the application. Furthermore, it helped students visualize movements and promoted group discussion. In the future, we plan to further verify the effectiveness of the application by increasing the number of classes and events.

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  • International Exchange Between Hiroshima Institute of Technology and Universiti Teknologi Petronas
    Shimpei Matsumoto, Kosuke Nakashima, Azelin Mohamed Noor
    2021Volume 51 Pages 75-80
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In Hiroshima Institute of Technology,there are some students who do not get the opportunity to study English abroad due to various reasons. Therefore,the purpose of this research is to collaborate with an overseas engineering university using an online communication tool called Discord to provide many students with the opportunity to communicate in English. We realized an international exchange with Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) in Malaysia by organizing an engineering event called hackathon. UTP is an ideal partner because it is an engineering university and we have little time difference. There are two purposes of this exchange. One is that by providing integrated education that mixes technical and English education,it will bring positive effects to students in both technical and English learning. The other is to help the students understand other cultures. Through peer teaching,we aimed not only to make the students understand different cultures but to learn communication skills to survive in the global community. After the online programming hackathon,we evaluated the practice itself with the ARCS model. As the result,it was indicated that our hackathon was able to motivate students appropriately. Then,we conducted a survey to find out the change of the students' motivation toward some factors before and after the practice. As a result,it was confirmed that their motivation toward cross-cultural exchange and programming had been improved.

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  • Kazuaki Nakazawa
    2021Volume 51 Pages 81-86
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The present study investigated how differently learners of Japanese would perceive effects of AR learning materials over two semesters. At the end of each semester,the participants were asked to share their opinions about the AR materials and reflections on their own learning. The collected data was analyzed using Co-Occurrence Network Analysis. Results indicate that participants perceived effects of AR materials to improve speaking and listening abilities as well as grammatical knowledge after the two semesters.

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  • Fumiya Shinozaki
    2021Volume 51 Pages 87-92
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In this study,a survey was conducted on junior high school students who prepared a four-person English presentation in two cases with one computer per student and another with one computer per group. The effects of the number of computers and the collaborative editing function in a one-person,one-device environment on students' attitudes toward participation were examined. Findings indicated that when each student had a computer,their work efficiency increased and may have had a positive impact on their English learning,but communication seemed lacking. When one computer was provided for every four students,work efficiency was not as high as the former,but group communication was relatively active,making it easier to build a cooperative system in the group. An example was given for the use of computers in English presentation activities.

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Practical Reports
  • Keita Kobayashi, Kazuya Takase, Shingo Shiota
    2021Volume 51 Pages 93-96
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In this study, a 360-degree image of spaces in which environmentally conscious action is necessary was created using a 360-degree camera,and developed a new evaluation technique in environmental education. We attempted to evaluate “perception” which is one of ability required for environmentally conscious action,by having children search for points where these actions were necessary in this 360-degree image. When the evaluation was conducted using a tablet device with a 360-degree image stored, we confirmed that even elementary school students can find many points. Further we confirmed that there is a difference in the number that can be perceived by each child.

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  • Management by Google Spreadsheet and Ideas for the Improvement of Input Rates
    Masafumi Miyagishima
    2021Volume 51 Pages 97-100
    Published: December 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     Many schools carry out temperature and health checks on teachers and students every day as part of their response to infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Many schools keep paper-based records of the temperature and health conditions of students with the result that the teacher's workload is increased. In addition, paperless health checks have not yet progressed, and although schools share the same problems, teachers have little information about how to improve this situation. In 2021, the number of temperature measurement apps and services increased, but they were not used widely. In this research, we have developed a temperature and health observation system using Google Workspace and examined how to improve students' input rates. This method can be applied to manage various submissions at schools and is expected to improve the efficiency of data gathering.

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