Two new species in the genus Agelas, family Agelasidae, A. nakamurai and A. nemoechinata, are here described. The former species has longer spicules than those of other members of the genus and has secondary fibers which are irregularly reticulated; in the latter, the fibers are only slightly echinated. The genus has hitherto been diagnosed as having the acanthostyles verticillately spined and the fibers cored with no spicules. From the observations on the two species treated in this paper, the diagnosis for the genus is emended that the fibers are cored, or occasionally not cored, with spicules, and that are echinated or occasionally not echinated. The position of this problematic monogeneric family Agelasidae should be in the order Axinellida (subclass Tetractinomorpha). The genus is distributed from tropical to subtropical areas, and may be found in certain temperate areas as well.

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Four species of bats, Rhinolophus cornutus cornutus, R. ferrumequinum nippon, Myotis macrodactylus and Plecotus auritus were collected in abandoned mines and limestone caves scattered in Yoshino-gun of Nara Prefecture. Ten species of helminth parasites were collected from 86 bats during a period from January 1983 to July 1984. The prevalence of parasites: Vampirolepis isensis and Hymenolepis rashomonensis (cestodes) were found in 11.6% of 86 bats, Stronglacantha rhinolophi and Rictularia rhinolophi (nematodes) in 22.1% and Mesothatrium japonicum, Acanthatrium isotomum, A. setoense, Pyenoporus rhinolophi, Prosthodendrium chilostonmm and Pr. yamizense (trematodes) in 18.5%.

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Three species of Limnodrilus hitherto known from Japan, L. socialis STEPHENSON (=L. gotoi HATAI), L. motomurai NOMURA and L. grandisetosus NOMURA, are taxonomically reexamined. Limnodrilus socialis and L. motomurai are regarded as junior synonyms of L. hoffmeisteri CLAPAREDE and L, claparedeianus RATZEL, respectively. Although L. grandisetosus was currently treated as a synonym of L. silvani EISEN, these two species are distinguishable from each other by detailed morphology in setae, penis sheath and so on, despite of their having in common peculiar "silvani" type penis sheath which is not found in other Limnodrilus species.

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Najna consiliorum DERZAVIN was collected from the sublittoral zone of Otsuchi Bay, Iwate Prefecture. This species has been recorded from the northern part of the Japan Sea, the Ohotsuku Sea, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Archipelago, and the present record is the southernmost record to this species. Redescription and figures are given in detail.

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A new species of leucothoid amphipod, Leucothoe nagatai, is described from Japanese coastal waters. This new species was found in the branchial cavities of two solitary ascidians, Styela plicata and Halocynthia roretzi. Among several allied species, the new species is most similar to L. brevidigitata in the small and narrow incisor of mandible, but differs from it in several important features.

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Basing on the type specimens five problematical species of Japanese opilionid are scrutinized. Taxonomic status of three species is clarified and two species names are eliminated as synonymies.

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