The following members of the genus Genarchopsis OZAKI, 1925 (Digenea : Derogenidae : Halipeginae) are described from Japanese freshwater fishes : G. goppo OZAKI, 1925 (type species), G. anguillae YAMAGUTI, 1938, G. fellicola sp. nov., and unidentified specimens of two lots. Data on their museum specimens, hosts, localities and life cycles are given. The new species G. fellicola was found in the gall bladder of Chaenogobius urotaenia (type host), Rhinogobius brunneus and Tridentiger brevispinis (all Gobiidae). It is different from the most closely allied species G. goppo mainly in parasitizing the gall bladder instead of the stomach, and in having a smaller sucker width ratio, a shorter metraterm and a less developed sphincter of the ventral sucker. G. gigi YAMAGUTI, 1939 is synonymized with G. goppo. Amended diagnoses of the family, subfamily and genus concerned are proposed.

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Ten species of hymenolepidid (including one unidentified species) and two species of dilepidid cestodes were obtained through the examination of 29 shrews representing seven species (including one unidentified species), collected in two regions of southern central Siberia from July 24 to August 6, 1994. The following cestodes are recovered : Soricinia longisegmentalis, Ditestolepis diaphana, D. secunda, D. sp., Lineolepis skrjabini, Skrjabinacanthus jacutensis, Neoskrjabinolepis singularis, Staphylocystis (Staphylocystis) naganoensis, Vampirolepis novosibirskensis, Cucubilepis skrjabini, Choanotaenia crassiscolex and C. baicalensis. The cestodes were found in 62% of 29 shrews examined.

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Vermiliopsis infundibulum and Pomatostegus stellatus (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) appeared on the living coral Pavona decussata at the lagoon of Zampa Cape, Okinawa Island, Southwest Japan. Almost all of the tubes of the former species and about half of those of the latter are covered by living coral polyp except for the aperture. Including these species, 14 species of Serpulidae are known to be symbionts of living corals up to now.

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The cyclopoid copepod Metacyclops ryukyuensis sp. nov. is described from a small stream on Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Islands, southernmost Japan. The species is the only member of the genus to possess both an antennule of 12 articles and the leg 4 endopodite terminal article with only a single terminal spine, and no terminal seta. This is the first confirmed record of the genus Metacyclops from Japan.

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Metapenaeopsis sinica LIU et ZHONG, 1988 is recorded from Tokushima. The present species shows morphological variations in the shape of petasma, number of the stridulating ridges, length of maxilliped 3 in female, and that of pereiopod 3.

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A hypothesis is presented concerning the speciation and/or splitting processes of four species (P. cygnus, P. japonicus, P. marginatus, P. pascuensis) from a parent species 'P. longipes'. It is suggested that 'P. longipes' had occupied a much wider distribution, probably equivalent to the present distribution range of the whole P. japonicus group, in the Pleistocene before the last glacial age, and then peripheral populations, adapting to open rocky shore waters, were isolated geographically and reproductively through glacial ages of the Pleistocene.

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A study of STROGANOVA'S material kept in the Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, has revealed that 1) Pamphilius sajanicus STROGANOVA, 1978, described from the western Sayan Mountains is a junior synonym of a widely distributed Palearctic species, Neurotoma iridescens (ANDRE, 1882), which is newly recorded here also from Primorskij Kraj, and 2) "Pamphilius lucidus ROHWER, 1910" in the sense of STROGANOVA (1978) is in fact Acantholyda erythrocephala (LINNAEUS, 1758). Collection data are given for five East Asian Pamphilius species, P. itoi SHINOHARA, 1985, P. hortorum (KLUG, 1808), P. stramineipes (HARTIG, 1837), P. brevicornis brevicornis HELLEN, 1948, and P. coreanus TAKEUCHI, 1938, including the first record of P. stramineipes from Kunashiri Island and that of P. brevicornis brevicornis from Sakhalin.

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The bethylid wasp tribe Sclerodermini is revised, 9 genera are recognized, and possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The genus Nesepyris is synonymized with Allobethylus. The genus Bethylopsis, which has long been unknown of its precise taxonomic position, is found to be a member of this tribe. A key to the genera of the world is also provided.

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Parapolybia takasagona SONAN, 1944, a Taiwanese polistine wasp, is synonymized with P. indica (SAUSSURE, 1854). C. K. STARR'S view that P. nodosa VECHT, 1966, is a junior synonym of P. takasagona is criticized. The holotype of P. takasagona is redescribed. Additional records of P. indica from Taiwan are given.

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