Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 30, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Papers
  • Non-invasive monitoring of arterial wall impedance in lower limb
    Akira SAKANE, Kenji SHIBA, Toshio TSUJI, Akira MIURA, Yoshiyuki FUKUBA
    2006 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 143-150
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.30.143
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper examined the dynamic characteristics of lower limb's arterial wall by using mechanical impedance. For extracting the vascular characteristics, we used biological signals such as an electrocardiogram, indirect arterial pressure, and pulse oximetric plethysmogram which are able to measure non-invasively. The validity of proposed method was ascertained by comparison with the impedance parameters estimated by using direct arterial pressure. Also, the vascular response, which suggests the changes of peripheral mechanism dependent on lower limb's position, was calculated from the estimated impedance parameters. The estimated stiffness and viscosity of the lower limb show similar changes to those of the upper limb. Moreover, it was shown that the exercise training may induce an increase in peripheral vascular response to alteration of transmural pressure in the lower limb.
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Short_Paper
  • Control of upper extremity movements in expert pianists when striking the piano keys at various combinations of sound volume and striking tempo
    Shinichi FURUYA, Tomoko AOKI, Hiroshi KINOSHITA
    2006 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 151-155
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.30.151
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study investigated the effects of sound volume and striking tempo on control of upper extremity movements in expert pianists (N=8) when they performed repetitive octave keystrokes. It was found that at all levels of sound volume and striking tempo, the upper limb angles at the moment of finger-key contact were invariant. The effects of sound volume and striking tempo on limb movements were revealed differently. The proximal segments contributed more to the movement of the limb for the production of larger sound, whereas they contributed less for increasing striking tempo. We propose that sound volume control is achieved by an “impulse strategy», whereas striking tempo control is made by a “moment of inertia strategy”. To control sound volume and striking tempo simultaneously, pianists selected an intermediate way of these two strategies where movements at the elbow joint played a major role in keystroke.
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