Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 46, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Paper
  • Gender-specific Comparison of Age-related Changes in Bone Metabolism between the Ages of 21-39 and 40-54 -Evaluating Bone Metabolism Using BAP & TRACP-5b
    Hidetaka Hasagawa, Yuka Hasagawa, Hideaki Matsuki
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 166-175
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.3_166
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The objective of this study was to understand aging-related changes in bone metabolism in men and women based on bone formation/resorption balance, and bone metabolic turnover level, using the levels of bone remodeling markers. This information will allow us to investigate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. For this study, we selected 55 male and female participants. To evaluate bone turnover parameters, the serum concentration of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), a bone formation marker, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker, were measured; bone density was determined using ultrasound imaging. The levels of bone metabolism markers were used to calculate the correlation between bone formation/resorption, as well as bone metabolic turnover level, and the data were analyzed according to sex and age of participants. As a result, a negative correlation between age and bone density was observed in both male and female participants. To evaluate bone metabolism, all data were separated into four quadrants — (I) fast formation, (II) fast resorption, (III) slow resorption, and (IV) slow formation — and analyzed. Our results showed that, in their 21 to 39 age group, both male and female participants were distributed in the “slow formation” group. In their 40 to 54 age group, male participants were in a so-called “equilibrium state”, while female participants were primarily distributed in the “fast resorption” group, suggesting age-related changes in bone metabolism.
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  • Relationship between Kinematic Characteristics of High-performance Long-distance Runners and Leg Stiffness Based on Principal Component Analysis
    Chihiro MURASAWA, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Michihiko Koseki
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 176-184
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.3_176
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Greater leg stiffness during running has been associated with superior long-distance running performance. However, the kinematic characteristics for achieving greater leg stiffness have not been fully elucidated. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on kinematic variables during running of 28 subjects, including 14 high-performance runners (HR), to investigate the relationship between leg stiffness and principal component vectors (PCVs) generated in PCA describing kinematic characteristics of HR. The results showed that only the first PCV (PCV1) was significantly greater in HR (p ‹ 0.01) and correlated with leg stiffness (r = 0.77, p ‹ 0.01). PCV1 described kinematic characteristics of HR related to greater leg stiffness, such as small pelvis vertical oscillation and small range of motion of the knee joint flexion during stance phase.
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