Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • The kinetic characteristics of lower limbs and torso to the different speed balls in baseball batting
    Tokio TAKAGI, Norihisa FUJII, Sekiya KOIKE, Michiyoshi AE
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 216-224
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.216
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Our aim was to investigate the kinetics of hitting motions when batters hit balls pitched at different speeds (SLOW: 75-80 km/h, MEDIUM: 100-105 km/h, and FAST: 125-130 km/h). Baseballs pitched at different speeds were hit by 29 university baseball players. Three-dimensional kinematic data of swing motions and ground reaction forces of both feet were measured using a Vicon 612 (VICON MOTION SYSTEMS) with 2 force platforms. Joint forces and joint torques acting on lower limbs and torso were calculated. We also calculated the values of torque of the hip joint about the long axis of the lower torso. Our results indicated that when the ball was pitched at a high speed (FAST: 125-130 km/h), the batters required less movement time from the stride foot contact to the appearance of maximum velocity of center of gravity thus causing less impulse toward pitcher direction. The values of hip flexion torque of the stride leg and hip abduction torque of the pivot leg had a greater effect on torso rotation during hitting a ball pitched at a high speed.
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  • Basic examination about the direction guidance using apparent motion by stimulus of tactile sensation
    Hirotoshi ASANO, Takumi MUTO, Keita NOGUCHI, Tota MIZUNO, Hideto IDE
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 223-239
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.223
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    This research aims at development of the navigation system with tactile sensation which used the stimulus of tactile sensation as feeling vicarious execution of hearing. The reverse side of ears was equipped with the flat type eccentric tactile motor and feeling was given. And apparent motion was made to occur and informational transfer was tried. The experiment defined six kinds of direction information patterns. And we experimented the reproducibility of the cognitive characteristic of driving. Consequently, it turns out that the reproducibility of an information pattern is high. Moreover, we considered the relation the information pattern by apparent motion with subjective sense of direction. Consequently, it turns out that consistency is in individual information patterns.
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  • Relation between Tibial Drawer Force, Muscle Tension, and Body Posture in Leg Press Exercises
    Hiroki KIMURA, Eiichi GENDA, Yasuo SUZUKI, Akira KANAI, Takanori YOSHI ...
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 225-232
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.225
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    The leg press exercise is one of the muscle exercises for the quadriceps femoris following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the tibial drawer force, muscle tension and differences in posture in leg press exercises. Joint angles were obtained from sagittal plane motion measurement and the reaction force of the foot was measured using a force plate. The tibial drawer force and the muscle tension were calculated using a musculoskeletal model. The results were as follows: The tibial drawer force acted as a posterior drawer force in every posture. The more upper body sat upright, the larger the action of the posterior drawer force. These results suggest that the leg press exercise is a safe exercise for the quadriceps femoris training without placing stress on the ACLs and that it is safer in a sitting position.
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  • Contribution of Interaction Torque in the Sit-to-Stand Motion
    Hiroyuki FUJISAWA, Ryoko TAKEDA, Hiroshi YAMASAKI, Yoichiro SATO, Keni ...
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 240-247
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.240
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    In whole-body movement such as the sit to stand motion, greater interaction torque may be produced compared to arm movements, since this torque is greatly dependent on segment weight and angular acceleration. However, the contribution of interaction torques and muscle torques to net torque in whole-body movement has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to analyze the multijoint dynamics of the sit to stand motion. Subjects were 10 healthy men with a mean age of 20.4±0.7 years. We set 2 conditions: preferred speed and fast speed. Net torque, interaction torque, muscle torque, gravity torque were obtained according to a Lagrange equation with 3 segment model, and the torque of chair’s reaction force were determined with the measurement of ground reaction force. The relative contribution of INT to NET was also calculated. Electromyography was recorded from 5 muscles on both sides: gluteus maximus; biceps femoris; vastus medialis; tibialis anterior and soleus. Results showed that interaction torque greatly contributed to producing actual movements for whole-body anti-gravity movement like the sit-to-stand motion. Moreover, muscle torque of hip joint primarily determined initial acceleration. This phenomenon was termed the “hip-centered pattern”.
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  • In vitro tests in order to evaluate the effect of a femoral stem with an intertrochanteric plate
    Rina SAKAI, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese] ...
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 248-253
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.248
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    In this study, to clarify the usefulness of the plate, we performed pressure measurement for stems with and without a plate, andcompared the two types of stem using pressure distribution in the stem as a parameter. 　Ten artificial femurs were modified so that the shape of the medullary cavity was the same as that of the external surface of the stem.The measurement system consisted of a computer for measurement control, I-SCAN, PCI interface board, tactile sensor sheet, and a sensorconnector. The tactile sensor sheet was applied between the artificial femur and stem, which was placed in the femoral stem stability tester. A load (650 N) was applied to the femoral head for 30 seconds, and stress distribution after loading in the medial-lateral and anterior-posteriordirections was quantified. Maximum values were presented as the results. 　The results of measurement showed lower pressure for stems with than for those without a plate. 　Therefore, we speculated that the plate absorbed and scattered the load applied on the femoral head, reducing pressure at the bone-steminterface, and also reduced radial pressure in the stem axis direction, preventing excessive pressure concentration through its micromotion.
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Short_Paper
  • Development of a Buoyancy Control Device with Two-Step Piston Mechanism Utilizing Phase Change of Material Based on the Spermaceti Oil Hypothesis
    Koji SHIBUYA, Tomotaka INOUE, Kota KAWAI
    2010 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 254-258
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.34.254
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    In this paper, we propose a new buoyancy control device utilizing the phase change of material between liquid and solid states. In general, when solid material is heated above its melting point, the material melts and changes to a liquid state having a larger volume. This causes an increase in buoyancy. One hypothesis claims that sperm whales change their buoyancy based on the same principle. We have already developed a buoyancy control device utilizing rubber stretch to change a volume. In this paper, we build another device based on the same principle with a two step piston mechanism. First, we investigated which material is suitable for this device and find that lard oil is more suitable than paraffin wax, which was used in the previous version of the buoyancy control device. Then, we build a buoyancy control device with the mechanism and confirm its usefulness through experimental results
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