Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms
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Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • Evaluation of Susceptibility to Periodic and Non-periodic Stimuli for Haptic Information Presentation
    Takashi ASAKAWA, Kaoru KINOSHITA
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 89-94
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.2_89
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We are studying a music performance support system for visually impaired person and a small EMG measuring instrument with a biofeedback function for home rehabilitation as a method of providing information using tactile sensation. A haptic interface device is used to provide information, however it must be attached to a part that does not interfere with music performance or rehabilitation. Therefore, in the paper, we verified the susceptibility to vibration stimuli in the parts that are expected to be attached. As a method of providing information by tactile sense, there are periodic stimuli such as music and non-periodic stimuli such as rehabilitation. The sensitivities of the two were significantly different, and in the former, the cognitive-psychological prediction had a large effect, with an average reaction time of -4 ms for all parts to the stimulus and a difference of 29 ms between parts. The latter was a physiological reaction, with an average reaction time of 241 ms for all sites and a difference of 50 ms between sites. As the result, it was clarified that it is necessary to consider whether or not the timing of stimulation can be predicted when selecting the attachment site of the tactile interface device.
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  • A Comparison of Postures when Applying Eyedrops Using the Backrest of a Chair: Focusing on Factors Causing a Failure in the Application of Eye Drops
    Daisuke Kudo, Atsuko Tokushige, Megumi Katayama, Tomoko Tamaru, Yukie ...
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 95-104
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.2_95
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study examines usual postures of the elderly when applying eye drops, as well as the relationship between the use of the backrest of a chair and the success in application. A survey of elderly people was conducted regarding their postures where elderly women applied the eye drops. A motion analysis of the involved movements was then carried out. From videos, angles of the neck extension, the elbow joint, the lumbar extension, and that of the eye drop container were measured, all during application. Comparisons were made between the presence and the absence of the backrest of a chair, the success, and the failure in application, and whether the drops missed their intended mark. It was found that when the application failed in the absence of the backrest, the neck extension angle was significantly narrower. However, when using the backrest, an extended waist led to easier neck extension, suggesting that the risks of application failure or the dropper tip touching the person could be reduced. It can be concluded that using a chair with a backrest makes applying eye drops safer and easier, and this method can be incorporated into the instructions regarding the application of eye drops.
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  • Effects of foot pronation under load on lateral dynamic stability during turns
    Miyuki Watanabe, Shinichiro Ishii, Yoshimi SAKURAI, Sumiko YAMAMOTO
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 105-112
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.2_105
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to clarify the manner in which foot pronation affected lateral dynamic stability during turns and the specific factors involved. Based on the results of a navicular drop test, 14 healthy subjects and 28 limbs were divided into two groups: standard and pronation. The task motions were spin and step turns from linear walking. The extrapolated center of mass (Xcom) from the outer edge of the base of support, the center of pressure (COP), center of mass velocity, and the amount of change in the angle of ankle adduction and abduction were calculated. Results suggested that the lateral Xcom was located more outside in the pronation group than the standard group, which showed the instability. With the step turn, the pronation group exhibited greater stability with the lateral Xcom located inside as compared with the standard group. The COP position in the foot on the support side was deviated to the hallux side of the pronation group in both the spin and step turns.
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  • Effects of a Vertical Bar and Backrest on Trunk Movement in Seated Throwing Events
    Koichi KAWABATA, Tatsuru IBUSUKI, Naoya KITABAYASHI, Satoru KEMMOCHI, ...
    2022 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 113-122
    Published: 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2023
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3951/sobim.46.2_113
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study aimed to clarify kinematics characteristics that result when seated athletes engaged in the shot put and javelin throws with or without a vertical bar and backrest. Three male seated throwers with spinal cord injury participated in this study. In our experiments, the participants performed shot put and javelin throwing under the following four conditions: throwing using both the backrest and vertical bar (BVT), using only the backrest (BT), using only the vertical bar (VT), and without using neither the backrest nor the vertical bar (NT). For all conditions, the participants threw the shot and javelin as far as possible along the throwing vector. Prior to the experiment, a total of 22 reflection markers were affixed on the bodies of the participants, shot and javelin. During throwing motions, these reflectors were captured at 250 Hz by using a 10-camera motion capture system. The following results obtained in this study: 1) F55 athlete needs to use a backrest and vertical bar in the javelin throw and shot put. 2) both a backrest and vertical bar would not be necessary for javelin throw in the F57 athlete. 3) both a backrest and vertical bar would be desirable to use a backrest and vertical bar for shot put in the F57 athlete.
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