The aim of this study was to explore eye-hand coordination skill necessary for enhancing performance from the perspective of simultaneous measurement of eye-gaze and pen tip locations during a calligraphy task. The developed simultaneous measurement system of pen tip and eye-gaze location succeeded in extracting eye-hand coordination ability necessary for acquiring a higher skill in calligraphy. Experts tended to execute eye movements preceding brush tip. The x- and y directional differences between brush tip and eye-gaze point were larger for experts. Moreover, the fluctuation of pen pressure of experts tended to be larger than that of novices.
The interface functions of the socket of the trans-tibial prosthesis are known to be the storage of the stump, the support of the body weight and effective force transmission from the prosthetic limb to the lower extremity. In this study, we aimed at investigating how the posterior wall height of a trans-tibial prosthetic socket effects on the afore-mentioned functions. The height was set at three different levels such as “Normal height”, “Normal height-5mm” and “Normal height-15mm”. Subjects were five trans-tibial amputee volunteers. Experimental results suggested that the length of stump and the body height significantly affect the relationship between the posterior wall height of a trans-tibial prosthetic socket and each of the following parameters such as the contact pressure of the socket, the kinematics of the lower limbs and the muscle activity of the lower extremity.