To understand the photochemical smog behavior in the Kanto area, a field aircraft investigation was conducted from August 9 to 12, 1978. During the four days of experiment ten runs using a twin-engine Cessna 402 and an Alouette III helicopter were made to measure pollutant and meteorological parameter profiles. It was found that there is a relationship between the pollutant concentration and the local weather partterns in particular, the sea-land breeze.
August 9th was a typical of the sea-land breeze day causing high photochemical smog inland over the Kanto plain. In the morning, the sea breeze front was formed near the shore, gradually moving inland. The concentration patterns show two peak regions with the sea breeze front as the dividing line.
The topography shows that there are three different sea breezes in the Kanto region. There is a smallscale sea breeze from Tokyo Bay which usually penetrates into the center of Tokyo earliest as a SE wind. The second is a large-scale sea breeze blowing from Sagami Bay, designated as a South wind, which arrives at the center of Tokyo later than the Tokyo Bay sea breeze. The third is another large-scale sea breeze from the sea of Kashima designated as an East wind. Depending upon the general wind direction, these three sea breezes create a very complicated wind pattern over the Kanto Plain.
On August 12, 1978 there was high photochemical smog in Kanagawa Prefecture caused by just such a complex wind structure. The easterly wind replaced the morning land breeze (notherly wind) during the afternoon. This resulted in a low concentration O₃ zone where the clean easterly wind had penetrated into the northern Kanto region. In the south of this clean zone, the high O₃ concentration zone stretched from Tokyo to Yokohama area.

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A survey of air pollution and health effects for the resident along the heavily traffic road was conducted. The survey subjects were houswives aged between 30 years and 69 years old who live in two areas-area A which is within 50 meters from a rout for motor vehicles only and area B which is from 150 to 200 meters away from the route.
1. Air pollution level (average of one month): Area A-SO₂ 0.025 ppm, NO₂ 0.045 ppm, CO 2.7 ppm, Pb 0.31 μg/m³, Area B-almost half of degree of area A in each component. Noise level: Area A-mean 60.8 dB, Area B-mean 54.0 dB.
2. Respiratory symptomes by means of the Japanese version of British Medical Research Council's questionnaire (849 subjects): The increase of the prevalence rate of the persistent cough in accordance with theage in group A was greater than that in group B.
3. Pulmonary functions (spirogram, maximal expiratory flow-volume curve, closing volume in 518 subjeets): The data of FEV _1.0, FEV_1.0% V₅₀, V₂₅ suggest that there was no tendency to increase of obstructive impairment in group A comparing with group B. CV/VC % of group A was greater than that of group B in all age groups, and the difference between group A and group B was increased in the age group of 60.
4. The hearing loss with audiometer (405 subjects): The progress of hearing loss with advancing age and higher frequencies is greater in group A than in group B, and the difference between area A and B was significant statisticaly (p < 0.05).
5. The symptomes of nasal cavity and pharynx (405 subjects): The atrophy of inferior turbinate was occured earlier to subjects in group A than to those in group B. We concider these changes cause the increase of secretion on nasopharynx in group A.
6. The biochemical activitiese of blood (197 subjeats): The change of δ-ALA·ED activity of group A by age was accelerated in comparison with that of group B. It seems that the source of such finding is unableto be explained on the basis of difference of Pb exposure condition between group A and B.
7. Above mentioned these differences of clinical findings except that of hearing loss between group A and B were not significant statistically, but it is considered that these trends to accerelate the age-related changes in prevarence rate of persistent cough, closing volume and function of nasal cavity or nasopharynx are worth notice as the early stage indices of health effect by air pollution.

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In the measurement of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide by the TEA plate exposure method, the influence of meteorological factors on the measurement was examined by using an experimental chamber. The chamber was filled with a constant stream of dilute nitrogen dioxide at flow 5-10 l/min, the temperature and relative humidity of which being kept constant. The sample gas in the chamber was stirred by an experimental fan, which generated wind of 0-7.5 m/sec. The TEA plate set in an Aichi cylindrical shelter was exposed to this strem. The experimental results are summarized as follows. The relation between the nitration rate (yμg·NO₂/day/100 cm²/10 ppb NO₂) and the wind velocity (um/sec) can be described as logy=0.313 logu+log 35.5, and the nitration rate is approximately proportional to the cube root of the wind velocity. The equation y=0.602T+28.5 can be derived from the relation between the nitration rate and temperature (T°C), and the equation y=0.449m+ 20.7 from the relation between the nitration rate and relative humidity (m%).

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Effect of low concentration ammonium sulfate aerosol on an asthmatic breathing difficulty following inhalation of albumin of the different species (bronchial sensitization) in guinea pigs was investigated. Two experimental groups, the group exposed to the aerosol (0.2 mg/m³, 0.5μ) plus SO₂ (0.1 ppm) and the group exposed only to the aerosol (0.2 mg/m₃) were prepared. After series of the exposures to the aerosol plus SO₂ or aerosol single (2 hours per day, 5 days per week, 38 days), paired exposures to the aerosol (or aerosol plus SO₂) and, after 20 minutes, the 1% albumin solution spray were prepared 7 times (3 times per week). For these albumin spray (sensitization), the breathing curves were continuously autorecorded with a body-plethysmograph to ascertain the intensity of the asthmatic respiratory difficulty. Comparison showed that the intensity of the respiratory difficulty were higher in averages when exposed to the aerosol (or aerosol plus SO₂) and albumin than when exposed only to the albumin (control group). Additional or synergistic effect of the aerosol and SO₂ was not found at this level of the concentration.
Merging with the results previously reported (exposure experiments to 2.0 or 0.4 mg/m³ aerosol), it was shown that the intensity of the respiratory difficulty increased corresponding to the aerosol concentration (dose response relationship).

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U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently promulgated a new air quality standard for ozone. The new changes in the standard included (1) raising the primary and secondary standards from 0.08 to 0.12 ppm, and (2) changing the chemical designation from photochemical oxidants to ozone. This paper introduced the standard-setting process and its related matters of the previous and new air quality standards, and a discussion about the data base on health effects of photochemical oxidants and ozone on which the EPA set the standard.

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