Journal of Japan Society of Air Pollution
Online ISSN : 2186-3695
Print ISSN : 0386-7064
ISSN-L : 0386-7064
Volume 23, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Relationships Between the Operation of Thermoelectric Power Stations and the Fluctuations of the Standardized Ring Index
    Terutaka KATOH, Minoru KASUYA, Sadanobu KAGAMIMORI, Shoichi KAWANO, Hi ...
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 311-319
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A method for assessing the influences of air pollution on tree ring growth was presented. The annual increment growth of 270 Japanese Cedars, growing at 51 sites in a rural area of Fukui Prefecture, was determined from the soft X-ray films of increment cores (5 mm diameter). Ring indices were calculated to normalize the trends in ring widths with tree age, by fitting each measured series of ring widths to an exponential curve. Stepwise multiple regression technique was used to analyze the relationships between ring indices and seasonal climatic conditions. During the period with no significant air pollution, combined meteorological elements accounted for about 70% of the variance in ring-width chronology. Further normalization, i. e., calculation of standardized ring index (SRI), was carried out by multiple regression analysis to minimize the fluctuations in ring indices due to climatic variations.
    From 1931 to 1971 the mean value of SRI fluctuated in a narrow range i. e., about 0.8-1.2, but once a thermoelectric power station has started the operation in September 1972, rapid decrease of SRI has been observed and the minimum value (0.54) was recorded in 1976. Emission of SO2 gas from the power station was reduced since July, 1975 when a scrubber system was installed to the power station. The partial recovery of SRI observed since 1976 suggested the subsequent improvement of ambient air quality. A close association was confirmed between the significance of growth inhibition, evaluated by SRI, and the distance from the power stations.
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  • Relationships Between the Standardized Ring Index and the Pollution Levels of SO2 and NO2 in the Ambient Air at the Surrounding
    Terutaka KATOH, Minoru KASUYA, Sadanobu KAGAMIMORI, Shoichi KAWANO, Hi ...
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 320-328
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of air pollution on the increment growth of the Japanese Cedars were studied in a surrounding area of thermoelectric power stations, located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The growth inhibition was estimated by normalizing the tree age and and meteorological conditions, i. e., standardized ring index (SRI).
    A conspicuous growth inhibition was observed in the area within about 8km radius from the power stations. This agreed approximately with the calculated results based on the diffusion equation.
    Conspicuous correlations were indicated between the standardized ring index and annual mean values of SO2 and NO2. When applying the multiple logistic regression analysis, about 70% of variation of the standardized ring index was accounted for by annual mean levels of SO2 and NO2. A possibility to estimate the levels of some air pollutants in the past years was also discussed, in relation to the dendrochronological method.
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  • Teruo TAKAHASHI, Satoru KASENO
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 329-334
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mercury movement in incineration treatment of organic liquid waste at university was investigated. This experiment was carried out using organic liquid waste discharged from the laboratory into which definite mercury was added and the spray-incineration treatment facility at Okayama university. From mass balance most of mercury in flue gas was not trapped by the gas washer. This result showed the vapor-phase mercury treatment was indispensable to the flue gas treatment process.
    Lead-mercury substitution method was effective for vapor-phase mercury. And we estanblished the mercury removal process consisted of the 90cm diameter mercury treatment tower. Pumice upon which PbS was deposited were packed in this tower.
    Pressure drop in this process was smaller than in conventional activated carbon adsorption method. And the removal ratio of mercury for the flue gas in which the range of mercury concentration was 0.03-5mg/Nm3, were more than 90%. By this process, mercury concentration in flue gas from this treatment facility could keep below the standard value for working environment, 0.05mg/Nm3.
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  • Using a Long-term Diffusion Model
    Shin-ichi FUJITA
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 335-341
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simple long-term plume washout model to predict the wet deposition of gaseous and particulate emissions around point sources is introduced. This model is applied to predict the annual wet deposition of particulates with diameter from submicron to micron range. Sensitivity to size distribution, annual wind frequency, wind velocity and precipitation intensity of deposition patterns is also discussed. Example computations show that cumulative wet deposition of particulates is strongly influenced by the size distribution of particulates. Total wet deposition is controlled by large particles near the source and by small particles at distance. Mass median diameter of the particles tend to be smaller with the distance from the source.
    This model has the virtue of being able to predict long-term deposition patterns using the climatological data around point sources.
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  • Mitsuru ANDOU, Kenji TAMURA
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 342-348
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The concentration change of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in indoor and outdoor air environment was studied by the use of the new personal sampler, SPMP-sampler. The sampling points are located along the main road at Tokyo metropolitan area. SPM measurements of indoor and outdoor air environment were carried out five seasons during 1986 to 1987.
    The concentration of SPM in indoor air environment increased in proportion to that in outdoor air. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air also increased in proportion to that in outdoor air.
    The content of PAHs in SPM changed depending upon its particle size. PAHs concentrated more in fine particles below 2μm than in coarse particles, 2-10μm in aerodynamic diameter. There were significant relationships between the concentration of benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, and benzo (ghi) peryrene in air environment.
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  • Study by calculational model
    Kanji TAKAHASHI
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 349-354
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Depositions of inhaled particles in the lungs of Rat, Hamster and Human were evaluated using calculational deposition models for each species. Calculated results were also examined by a scaling analysis based on the body weight dependence of respiration characteristics and particle behavior in lungs.
    Differences were significantly species-dependent for the deposition of larger particles especially at upper airways. While, a slight difference was predicted for the total deposited fraction in the whole lung and for the deposited density at central airways.
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  • Isamu NOUCHI, Tsuyoshi TAKASAKI, Tsumugu TOTSUKA
    1988 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 355-370
    Published: December 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to contribute to policy for the improvement of polluted atmospheric environment and the maintenance or the increase of crop productivity, we reviewed many reports relating foliar injury and the growth and yield loss caused by protochemical oxidants (ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)) and tried to decide ranking relative oxidant sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants in species and cultivars.
    1. The list of relative ozone sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants by estimating foliar injury
    Relative ozone sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants were classified by powered dose ((concentration) 2 × exposure duration) which produced foliar in jury in ozone exposure experiments. As a result, spinach, radish, tobacco, morning glory and weilh onion were the most sensitive plant to ozone, peanut, tomato, soybean and rice were succeeded, and cauliflower, gladiolus andcabbage were the most resistant one.
    2. The list of relative PAN sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants by estimating foliar injury
    The most sensitive plant to PAN was petunia and white-flowered petunia was in jured by 4-5 hr exposure to 4-5 ppb of PAN in the polluted atmosphere. Crisp head lettuce, butter head lettuce, kidney bean, spinach, leaf beet and tomato were relatively sensitive plants, and radish and corn were the most resistant ones.
    3. The list of relative ozone or PAN sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants in cultivars by estimating foliar injury
    Differential ozone or PAN response exist not only among individual species but also among cultivars of single species. The large difference in the relative ozone sensitivity of many plants such as tobacco, kidney bean, soybean and rice cultivars has been extensively examined. On the other hand, little is known about differential cultivar sensitivity of plants by PAN. Sensitivity of petunia to PAN varied widely between cultivars and strains and white-flowered petunia was most sensitive of various colored ones.
    4. The list of relative oxidant (ozone) sensitivity of agricultural and horticultural plants by estimating growth and yield loss
    In Japan, there are several reports of the growth and yield loss of crops caused by photochemical oxidants in the field using open-top chambers and filtered air chambers or by low level ozone in the long term exposure experiments, but little is known about data comparable to the growth and yield loss among crop species. In America, National crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) was conducted to provide accurate data on air pollution-induced losses to agriculture using open-top field chambers from 1980 to 1987. Results of the 8 year research showed that, when yields between the background ozone concentration of 0.025 ppm (seasonal 7 h day mean) and 0.06 ppm (seasonal 7 h day mean) exposures were compared, the order of yield losses of crops was as follows: turnip (24%)>soybean (17%)>spinach (14%)>wheat (11%)>cotton (10%)>corn (3%).
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