Simple samplers for measuring air pollution arewidely available today although there are a number of automatic analyzers with high resolution.
Simple samplers are used to monitor the following:
1) Detailed regional air pollution.
2) The behavior of air pollutions in local areas such as street canyon.
3) Background air pollution in mountanous distriet.
4) Personal exposures.
This paper summarizes air pollution simple samplers which are widely used at present. We have developed three kinds of simple samplers. The effects of meteorological variables such as wind, temperature and humidity on the performance of these samplers were evaluated in a wind tunnel and a gas exposure chamber. Sampler performance in the field was also examined the devolopment of air pollution simple samplers has been facilitated by the kuse of ionchromatography.

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Serious air pollution is caused by a huge consumption of fossil fuel during the period of high growth of economy without reasonable policy and technology. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which are mainly emitted from the fuel combustors, are oxidized in the air and result in acidification of the environment in the wide areas over the border of countries.
This paper describes a technical review concerning with the fossil fuel properties, coal cleaning, oil refining, combustion control and treatment of the emission to cope with the acid rain. The countermeosures of the acid rain by hydrogen-enrichment in fuels, energy saving and cleanergy utiligation would also cope with the glodal envivonmental issue.

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Since the air quality of Japan has a possibility to be influenced by long-range transported air pollutants from cities in Asian continent, due to its geographical location, observations were made for atmospheric aerosol components at Matsue, Japan. The analytical results showed the elemental composition of aerosol samples at MatsLe in winter, when Japan is located in the down-stream of seasonal wind, was similar to those at Seoul, Korea. And 0.83 of Pb/Zn ratio at Matsue in winter agreed to that at Seoul, where leaded-gasoline was still used for fuels of automobiles, and it was significantly diffeernt with that measured in summer at Matsue, 0.32. This indicates a part of atmospheric Pb at Matsue could be transported by the seasonal wind from continental cities. Calculated results by a simple dispersion-box model showed a part of atmmospheric Pb observed at Matse in winter was transported from foreign sources, however, these results were not enough to explain the observed seasonal change of Pb/Zn ratio at Matsue on a quantitative basis. Coal combustion is another specific source of air pollutants in continental cities. A comparison of Te/Se ratio in the aerosol samples, which is a good indicator for coal combustion effluents, between Matsue and other eastern Asian cities, also showed the possibility of longrange transport of airborne particulates originated from human activities in Asian continent.

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In order to develop an airborne monitoring system, the effificiency of a Fibrous Aerosol Monitor (FAM) was examined. FAM was characterized by means of concurrent measurement wit h a phase contrast microscope (PCM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and of real-time asbestos monitoring. The results indicate that the correlation between FAM and PCM measurement was not observed in the low concentration environment. However, FAM showed comparatively reliable results in the high concentration environment. And FAM reacted instantaneously upon emergent emission of a large quantity of asbestos; therefore, the characteristic of capability of real-time measurement was appreciated. FAM could be applied to monitor the asbestos leakage around the asbestos source areas during the removal of sprayed-on asbestos.

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[in Japanese]

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Four chemical reaction models for photochemical smog, Atkinson et al. (ALW), Killus and Whitten (KW), McRae and Seinfeld (MS) and Penner and Walton (PW), are compared based on the smog chamber data. Data of single and seven-hydrocarbon (HC) mixtures in NO_x-air systems performed in the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center and the National Institute for Environmental Studies have been used. In the comparison of chemical models with smog chamber data, the estimation of the chamber effects and the setting of photolysis rates are very important. In the present study, they are calculated by the method based on the results of recent works. The predicted result in the single HC experiments are sensitive to the selected chemical models and HC component. On the other hand, in the sex en-HC mixtures experiments, there are small differences in the maximum O₃ concentration between the predicted results by the four models. Concerning the time of O₃ maximum concentration, ALW and KW are superior to MS and PW. Among the four models, ALW is most superior against the O₃ concentration under the condition of the HC composition in the present study. However, every models can predict the NO₂ concentration equally well.

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A number of coal-fired power pl ants and coal centers have been recently planned or constructed. Coal consumed at these power plants and coal centers amounts to several million tons per year. The quantitative estimation of coal dust dispersion caused by handling large amounts of coal is required to assess environmental impact. The authors have developed a method for prediction of the quantity of dispersed coal dusts, based on wind tunnel experiments, fiel d experiments and questionnaire letters for power plants. The report also compares the predicted values of dust deposition due to actual coal handling facilities with the values from measurements. The result has shown a good agreement, proving the validity of the proposed method for environmental assessment.

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The falling dusts at 8 locations in Kagoshima city were collected together with rain water monthly from April 1987 to March 1990. After the sample had been filtered, the residue was dried and weighed while the filtrate was analyzed for SO₄^2- and Cr^-. The filtrate was distilled and the resulting residue was taken as water-soluble matter.
It is reasonable to consider that the most part of falling dust is the volcanic ashes erupted from Mt. Sakurajima. The amount of falling dust in the last three years was 434 ton·Ekm^-2. month^-1, which is considerably smaller than that in the preceding three years (1984-1986). The amount of falling dust was the largest at the region around Kagoshima City Hall in Kagoshima city; the region is located at the northwest of the crater of Mt. Sakurajima.

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The concentration of NO₂ was bimonthly measured at 8 locations in Kagoshima city by the use of “Filterbadge method” from April 1987 to March 1990. The concentration of NO₂ was gradually increased during the three years. A distinct increase was observed at Kagoshima City Hall, which faces a road where there is much traffic. The data from the “Filter-badge method” showed a linear relationship to those from the auto NO₂ analyzer.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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