Authors have modified the IAP method, proposed by DeSloover and LeBlanc, based on the distribution and the coverage of both lichen and bryophyte.
Modified points are to have focused on lichen for the subject of investigation and to have given each species “Ti” value depending on the frequency and the tolerance to air pollution instead of their ecological index.
As a result, it solved the problem that their ecological index depends on the way of selecting the area investigated, and therefore it enabled to compare the IAP values between different areas.
Authors calculated modified IAP values and made the air pollution map over the Hyogo Prefecture except for the area along the sea of Japan.

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It is very important to estimate ambient air concentrations from NO_x emissions, when promoting countermeasures against air pollution. For this purpose, many of diffusion models and statistical models have been put into practical use. Also, it is important to estimate precisely the amount of NO_x emissions over a local area. However, the methods which have been currently used are very complicated. Then, much xnan-power and many sorts of datas are necessary to estimate the amount of NO_x emissions.
Therefore we studied a simple method tentatively to calculate traffic NO_x emissions from processing concentration datas at a monitoring site for traffic air pollution.
In this study, 2 monitoring stations in Osaka prefectural area were selected and a ventilation model with perfect mixing was used to relate the amount of NO_x emissions from traffic and the concentrations on these monitoring stations. On the other hand, the amount of NO_x emissions was estimated from the both of traffics and NO_x emission factors or automobiles with using a q-v model relating traffics and driving speed. Then the parameters in the model were determined in the two cases and the applicability of this ventilation model was examined with these parameters. As a result of this study we got hih correlation coefficients related between teh NO_x emissions calculated from the ambient air concentrations and those calculated from NO_x emission factors and the traffics. It is considered possible in this study to estimate the amount of NO_x emissions from traffics with the simple method.

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Among many air quality simulation models, most popular and commonly used model is a Gaussian plume model and the dispersion coefficients are estimated with the Pasquill-Gifford chart. Although this algorithm was developed based on the diffusion experiments of surface sources, this is often used for many other situations.
Therefore, the performance of this algorithm was examined by using the database of elevated-source diffusion experiments. The result of this analysis showed overestimation of surface maximum concentration for unstable atmospheric condition. The main reason for this defect may be the overprediction of vertical dispersion coefficient.

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To measure ventilatory variables and analyze endtidal and expired gasses of anesthetized rats, we devised a respiratory circuit composed of polyvinyl facemask (dead space 0.3 ml), small spirometer (125 ml) and massspectrometer. The face-mask has the inlet, outlet and sampling tube of the gas analyzer. For the airtight seal, we plastered the animal with non-smelling paste and fastened the mask by hand to make the closed circuit for ventilation. On measurement, we introduced the inspired air into the mask from the glass cylinder under constant flow rate (178 ml/min) with infusion pump, and collected expired air into the spirometer. The endtidal gas was sampled from the small sampling tube placed into the rat's nostril. On the other hand, the tidal volume and respiratory frequency were measured from recorded traces of electrical gain of the potentiometer attached to the spirometer. Minute ventilation was calculated by the tidal volume times respiratory frequency.
Our present respiratory circuit using tight mask has benefits as follows; firstly, small dead space without using non-rebreathing valve, secondly breth-by-breath analyses of endtidal gas concentration, and thirdly no trache ostmy. Then we can measure outputs of other indicator gas and ventilatory variables in steady state.

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This paper describes the results of a field study of atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants conducted at an Osaka urban site during selected July 1986 photochemical episodes. The one-hour averaged maxima were 21 ppb for PAN, 31 ppb for CH₃ONO₂, 17 ppb for HNO₃, 17μg.m^-3 for NO₃^-, and 125 ppb for Oxidant. Diurnal patterns of PAN and HNO₃ were closely related to Oxidant. But NO₃^- peaked previously to those. CH₃ONO₂ concentrations were high frequency during the forenoon, and low during the afternoon. Hourly variations of oxidized nitrogen distribution, Fn= ([PAN] + [HNO₃] + [NO₃^-])/([NO] + [NO₂] + [PAN] + [HNO₃] + [NO₃-]), tracked to that of Oxidant nearly exactly. And the maximum hourly value of Fn was 0.49 and its values exceeding 0.30 were common during midday. The values of Fn increased by 0-0.20 compared to those not in cluded CH₃ONO₂. On a nitrogen basis, the PAN contribution averaged between 0 and 73% and HNO₃ averaged between 13 and 84%. PAN was more abundant than inorganic nitrates at photochemical smoggy hours.

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Quartz fiber filter is normaly used as a collection medium of airborne particulates in the sampling by high volume sampler (Hi-vol), however, it is not suitable for air monitoring by neutron activation analysis (ANN) as is operated by National Air Surveillance Network (NASN), Japan, because of high impurity levels of elements. In this paper, the use of Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) fiber filter was investigated for atmospheric aerosol monitoring at renote areas where Hi-vol sampling is suitable instead of “low volume” sampling because of inavailability of stable power supply. Inaccuracy of weighing due to static electricity was overcome by shielding the filter with a sheet of aluminum foil. No systematic errors of collection efficiency were found between filters of Quartz and Teflon in the field experiments of 31 runs in an urban district. Lack of aqueous extraction effi ciency of particulate matter from the hydrophobic filter was much improved by the addition of ethanol. Teflon fi ber filter showed the lowest impurity levels of elements by NAA except Na and Cl. It is concluded that the usr of Teflon fiber filter us helpful for atmospheric aerosol monitoring by only Hi-vol.

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For CO₂ as global warming substance, emission factor of gasoline vehicle was calculated under running mode and compared with theoretical value of TRIAS, and yearly trend of CO₂ emission in Japan was calculated from emission factor and statistical gasoline marketing amount data.
CO₂ amount (TRIAS)-emitted gasoline vehicle (emission factor) is 2.38 kg/l, but the factor calculated from exhaust gas analytical value of actual running mode was 2.32 kg/l (constant speed running mode; 2.35 kg/l), affected by CO, HC and particulates in exhaust gas. CO₂ emission showed the lowestvalue at vehicle speed about 50 km/h and showed the higher value at lower speed side and higher speed side.
CO₂ total emission from gasoline vehicle in Japan was calculated as 89, 293×10³ ton in 1987 and it showed the small increase almost every year. Increasing ratio of a year was about 3-9% in 1971 to 1978 and about 2% in 1979 to 1987.

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