Source apportionment of particulate matters in urban atmosphere is becoming important in air pollution control strategies. Two techniques are used for evaluating the source-receptor relationship. The one, which is called source-oriented model, starts with individual source data, and predicts the impact of the source at environment. Another is called receptor-oriented model and utilized for the identification and the apportionment of release sources using various data of particulates obtained at the environment.
This paper describes the characteristics and behavior of particles in urban atmosphere, and reviews the analyzing techniques for source-receptor relationship of particulate matters.

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Nitrogen oxides are the air pollutants which are highly reactive and thus harmful to biological systems. Among them, nitric oxide (NO) has not been understood well for the health effects.In this review were summarized the informations so far obtained for the health effects of NO and were emphasized the interaction of NO with various NO-hemoproteins. Further, the spectroscopic results of NO-hemoproteins were compared with those of the model systems.

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Diffusion of a chemically inert air pollutant from a jet engine was investigated by using a Variable Grid size Du Fort-Frankel Leapfrog method (VGDFL) for numerical solution to an unsteady diffusion-advection equation. For the stable solution under the jet flow, field, where steep gradient of the flow velocity is observed, finer spatial grid size near the jet source was important not only for principal' direction of the flow but also for directions perpendicular to the jet axis. Both the Dirichlet and the Robin type boundary conditions describing the jet source could give reasonable results. However, the Robin type (i. e., a flux type) seems more preferable since it can provide a “grid-averaged” source condition, which gives correct evaluation of the total mass in jected into the calculation region, with relative ease. The VGDFL was more economical in computation cost compared with the usual Du Fort-Frankel Leapfrog method, due to its ability of reducing number of grids in a region far from the jet source.

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The relationship between leaf injury and air pollutants of oxidants (O_x), NO, NO₂, SO₂ and suspended particles (SP) was statistically analysed using morning glory. The potted plant was grown in the eight monitoring stations of air pollutants in Ichihara and Sodegaura, Chiba Pref., in July of 1982 and 1983.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) There was no correlation between the degree of leaf injury and the concentration of single air pollutant.
2) The discriminant analysis was performed between the occurrence of leaf injury and the extent of air pollution using integrated values of O_x, NO, NO₂, SO₂, SP and numbers of existing leaves at each observation data. The obtained results showed that whether leaf injury occurred or not could be evaluated with the probability more than 90% by the discriminant analysis.
3) The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that there was a clear correlation between the degree of leaf injury and integrated values of five kinds of air pollutants on the day when the higher O_x concentration was, observed.
These results suggest that it is necessary to consider the influences of other pollutants besides O_x in order to analyse the effects of air pollutants in combination and the degree of leaf injury under field conditions.

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Low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds react with O (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxyiamine (PFBOA) under weak acidity and the derivatives are volatile. This reaction was applied to gas chromatographic determination of small amount of formaldehyde in air.
Sample gases (1-5 l) were collected in absorption solution of distilled water at the flow rate of 1l/min. The absorption solution was made up to 25ml with water. To a portion of this solution, 0.2ml of PFBOA aqueous solution (0.5 mg/ml) was added and the mixture was allowed to stand for 40min. After the mixture was sat urated with sodium chloride and acidified with 2ml of 2 N sulfuric acid, fi derivative of formaldehyde was extracted with 5 ml of n-hexane for 1 min. An internal standard was added to the n-hexane extract after dehydration. The extract was made up to 10ml with n-hexane and was injected into gas chromatograph with ECD.
A calibration curve was linear to about 80 ng as formaldehyde in 25 ml of aqueous solution and the detection limit was about 2 ng. Then, at a size of 5l of air, the lower limit of determination was about 0.3 ppb for formaldehyde. The recovery of standard gas was 94% and its coefficient of variation was 3.7%(n=5).
The method presented above can be used for the determination of formaldehyde in urban air and indoor air.

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This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) pollution and plant response basing on visible foliar injury observed in the field-grown petunia, Petunia hybrida _VILM. The visible injury on ‘White ensign’ petunia, a PAN sensitive variety, and atmospheric PAN concentrations were recorded almost every day at Yurakucho from April to November from 1976 to 1983. PAN injury to petunia leaves appeared 15 times in 1976 and 4-6 times in other years. Foliar injury to petunia occurred by less than 10% when the plants were exposed to atmospheric PAN at less than 6 ppb daily maximum concentration or at less than 30 ppb·h daily dose. The percentage of injury occurrence increased with an increase in daily maximum concentration or daily dose. However, the correlation between daily PAN level and percentage of foliar injury was not significantly.
To investigate the distribution of atmospheric PAN, a field survey using petunia (‘White ensign’, PAN-sensitive variety and ‘Blue ensign’, PAN-tolerant variety) as indicator plants, was conducted at 5 locations (Ohme, Yohga, Shakujii, Yurakucho, and Adachi) in Tokyo from 1982 to 1983. Injury to ‘White ensign’ petunia was recognized every month at more than one location among five petunia monitoring stations from May to October during two years. Generally, the monthly cumulative foliar injury per plant to both sensitive and tolerant petunia in the west (Ohme, Yohga, and Shakujii) of Tokyo was considerably greater than at the east (Adachi) of Tokyo. The monthly cumulative foliar injury to ‘Blue ensign’ was almost half of those to ‘White ensign’. The results of this field survey using petunia revealed that PAN pollution occurred all over the Tokyo during late spring and autumn.

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On the third report, from the practical point of view the author described the various types of the cyclone dust collectors as follows.
(1) From the book of _??_ et al (1978), the characteristics of the collection efficiencies, the coefficient of the pressure drop and the main constructions of the three types of cyclones (_??_-38 and Type_??_) for the separation of sawdusts were written. The relationships between D₁, ξ_c, Vo and 1-η_c were plotted on the figure and were described in Table.
(2) From the paper of _??_ (1963), the construction of a cyclone which had the exit nozzle (slit) surrounding on the exit pipe for ejecting the second air jet was described in the figures.
(3) From a book of _??_ et al (1977), the three types of the special constructions of the cyclone (_??_) were described in the figure and in Table.
(4) From a paper of _??_ (1958), the three dimensional rotational flows and the complicated flow circulations in the cone-cyclone which had the three inlet pipes of the rectangle sections were described in the figures. Then the collection efficiency became to going down due to the complicated flow patterns in comparison with that of the ordinary types of cyclones.
(5) The theoretical analysis for the distributions of the tangential velocities of fluids in the cone-cyclone by Bloor et al.(1973--1976) was descrined in the figure. But it was very difficult to compare the experimental results of the tangential velocities with the theoretical curves which contained many assumptions for the radia and axial velocities and the viscosity of fluid.
(6) From a book of _??_ (1980), the two systems of the aircleaner for the tractors of k-701 (_??_, Max. Power =177/ 159 kw) and k-700 (_??_, Max. Power= 221 kw) were described in the figures.
(7) From a daper of _??_ et al (1974), the special construction of a rotary flow dust collector was described in the figure.

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