New method such as effective fuel surface area exposing to space were proposed to analyze the fact of the products, contents and locations in a room. A formatted datasheet with the new method was used to investigate the information to create a design fire considering localized fire. New method gave important information on the distribution of the contents in a space, such as distance between objects, and between the object and the wall, and heat release rate of each contents. This analysis is expected to be significant information to evaluate design fire at the particular space, especially for entrance and hallway, which is expected to be localized fire.

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A case study was carried out on fire safety design of an international railway station. The whole facility consists of railway platforms on underground level, main terminal building and bus terminal building on ground. Due to the characteristics of the facility, railway platform is secured for border control, which has only one daily route via main terminal building. In case of fire in terminal building, passengers in platform area may be trapped in railway platform. To solve the safety problems, the whole facility was split into three blocks to confine fire effect within each block. Fire separation zone was designed so as to make three blocks free from fire and smoke each other. Safety checking was made on evacutation safety, firefighters' operation and structural fire resistance.

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We developed a fire resistance design for over-track buildings 12 years ago in case a small-size kiosk burns on the platform. In resent year, however, large-size kiosks are being built on platforms to inprove the convenience of passengers, which are different from the conventional small-size ones in the floor area, window shapes and other dimensions. We investigated the weight of combustible materials in a large kiosk, performed a full-scale fire test thereof, modeled the behaviors of fire, and made it possible to estimate the temperature of steel members in buildings.

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A full-scale compartment fire esperiment was performed in order to quantitatively evaluate the fire control effect of a water discharge system. In this experiment, the reduction effect of temperature and heat flux by the water discharge system was considered. Sprinkler (SP) and water mist (WM) equipment were used as the water discharge system. The heat release rate of the fire source in the compartment was 73kW on the average. The temperature reduction ratio during the operation of the sprinkler and water mist equipment was approximately 55% and 16%, respectively. The total heat flux reduction ratio during the operation of the sprinkler and water mist equipment was approximately 40%-70% and 30%-40%, respectively.

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In this paper, the method of measuring the impedance within the impact time to have used the impulse hammer for the source was examined. The vibration velocity of the slab in the impact time was considered when driving point was near a restraint the slab. It is shown that the feature is due to the reflected wave from a restraint the slab of driving point. Moreover, a frequency characteristic the lower right when the influence of the reflected wave had been received was shown. It was shown that the presence of the object by which the reflected wave was given from the vibration velocity of the slab in the impact time was appreciable from the above-mentioned finding.

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Authors performed a field measurement on the thermal balances of two types of green-wall systems. To obtain a complete heat balance by estimating the convective component, a 'SAT meter' was invented and measured its accurate heat balance. The SAT meter is a mock-up consisting of a waterproof board with false leaves so as to measure a on-site convective heat transfer coefficient deduced from a precise thermal balance neglecting latent heat component. By applying the SAT meter, both turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes of one of the green-wall systems were obtained. Consequently, following remarks have been reached. 1) The relationship between the wind speed and equivalent thermal conductance of the vegetation layer (mass of leaves) has a positive correlation. 2) The evaporation ratio of one of the green-wall systems is estimated to be from 0.1 up to 0.2. Observed data indicates that both daily and seasonal variations seem to be relatively negligible.

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Cross ventilation has the effects to give comfortable feeling by forced convection without any artifical mechanisms. As for the nighttime, it is also useful for cooling down the structure of residence. In this paper, to clarify the heat-removing rate by cross ventilation, the wind tunnel experiments were performed using real scale model house. The distribution of mass transfer coeffient on the floor and indoor wall surfaces were measured by water evaporation method using filter paper. Then heat transfer coefficient was estimated by supposing analogy between mass and heat transfer and its relation to the indoor airflow was also investigated.

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CO_2 emissions caused by household energy consumption in Japan have increased by 20% compared with 1990 in 2000. Therefore, it is the key policy to observe the Kyoto Protocols to promote globalwarming measures in the household section. This research describes the outline of the simulation software that estimates CO_2 emissions from household section from 1990 to 2020 according to administrative divisions and the result of reviews of the BAU case and the thorough measures case, etc.

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The improvement of heat insulating performance is one of the major problems of traditional wooden house in Japan. In this paper, the effect of chaff filled wood panel that was newly developed for house wall is discussed by comparing with some another materials. By the artifical weather control equipment, the coefficient of overall heat transmission and thermal conductivity were measured. The performance of chaff filled panel satisfies the Japanese Next Generation Energy Saving Standard in the warm region.

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The construction method of exterior insulated building by the composite wall, which is made of EPS and calcium silicate board, has many benefits. But there have been some troubleness by frost damage in the buildings made by the method. It is nessesary for protecting the composite wall form the frost damege to dry the exterior finishing. In this paper, we conduct the model experiment, the measurement in the test house and numerical simulation for realizing the desorption performance of the composite wall compund with air layer.

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The object of the present report is to clarify the evaporation cooling effect of the water-absorbing asphalt mixture pavement material. Three kinds of asphalt that has the function of water absorption and water retention are newly developed. The permeable asphalt and the three kinds of water-absorbing asphalts were used as the tested material. The surface of each tested material was shone by the solar or by the lamp. The temperature of each tested point and the amount of evaporation of the material's surface were measured. The evaporation cooling effect are examined from the experiment results.

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The authors have surveyed a building equipped with exterior screens coated with photocatalysts and conducted theoretical calculation. The survey has found that sol-air temperature was extremely low when water was sprinkled over the screens and the temperature was higher when screens were installed but no water was sprinkled, and the sol-air temperature became the highest when no screen was provided. This shows that exterior screens using photocatalysts are very effective in solar heat shading. It is also found that air layers were spontaneously ventilated about 32 times an hour. Theoretical values of screen surface and room temperature are very close to the surveyed ones.

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The energy-saving type building was designed and built. In the building natural ventilation is utilized. The route of ventilation was intended from the outer fagade to the courtyard fagade. After the building construction, an field measurement was performed to investigate the property of ventilation: air exchange rate, airflow distribution, visualization of airflow and pressure differentials between the outer and courtyard fagades. As a result, it was verified that the building design aim is realized enough.

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This study aims to investigate the actual conditions of indoor environment in schools, and to obtain fundamental information for ventilation design of school buildings. Indoor environment of two new elementary schools in Tohoku district of Japan were investigated. Temperature and humidity, concentrations of Carbon Dioxide(CO_2), ventilation airflow rates, concentrations of chemical substances, and the condition of opening the window and doors were investigated in the classrooms. As a result of this investigation, it was found that ventilation airflow rates was insufficient in classroom and CO_2 concentration was higher than 1500ppm in many hours due to the lack of window opening, and students hardly any opened the windows.

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This paper describes the results of experiments in terms of the thermal environment near large outlets for natural ventilation. Four types of outlets were tested; outlets from the ceiling, tilting openable windows, the floor and the wall. Air temperature distributions and air velocity distributions were measured for different combinations of outlet air temperatures and outlet velocities. Destributions of 'draft rating', which indicates the percentage of the dissatisfied due to draught, are also evaluated. The measured results provides basic data for the thermal environment near large outlets for various combinations of outlet air temperature and velocities.

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In this paper, the causes of insufficient air volume of a heat- exchanging-type mechanical ventilation system installed apartment were investigated. The results are as follows: 1) Pressure-drop coefficients of the grills were excessive. 2) The blades of the exhaust fan were covered with dust and the power of that fan was less than cleaned one. 3) Pressure-drop coefficients of the filters stuffed with dust without maintenance were also excessive.

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The water-heating device to be installed in the crawlspace was developed. And then the thermal performance in the experimental Unit house installing these devices was measured and evaluated. As results, 1) The simple on-off room thermostat regulates the temperatures in the rooms on the first floor properly. 2) The warm air convection system with fans and ducts between the crawl space and the cavity under the second floor is possible to warm up the rooms on the second floor. 3) In the crawl space, the temperature near the ground surface is kept several degrees C lower than in the higher part. It shows that the heat loss to the ground is not so large.

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The purpose of paper is to develop the simplified measurement technique of the coefficient of performance (COP) for the household air-conditioner. Furthermore, using the developed COP measurement technique, we measured COP of air-conditioner in five residences. We compared the result of a simple measuring method and a detailed measuring method, and the simple measuring method checked validity.

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The basic concept of a hybrid ventilation system is to provide an acceptable indoor air quality by alternationg the passive ventilation mode and the mechanical ventilation mode for minimizing the energy consumption. Therefore, the control strategy for the supplemental fan and the damper of hybrid ventilation system is very important for the system performance. The hybrid ventilation system using a pressure difference sensor for monitoring the exhaust airflow rate as the control strategy was installed in a detached test house. Performance of this ventilation system was evaluated through the field measurement. The results of the measurements showed that the exhaust airflow rate was relatively stable while the indoor-outdoor temperature difference varied and the wind velocity changed. But when the wind velocity was strong from the west, the airflow rate was far from the target airflow rate. Totally, the airflow rate met almost the target airflow rate in 75% of the measuring period.

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A long-term investigation on energy consumption has been carried out for 13 residential buildings in Tohoku district since Nov. 2002. In order to make clear the effect of low-impact life style on energy consumption, the life style menu was indicated to the occupants in 9 residential buildings, and the actions following the menu was investigated. Also energy consumption was analyzed during a week when the low-impact life style was acted. The results are as follows: 1) The actions for the low-impact life style were: "to control the heat loss or heat gain by using curtains and blinds", "to put the cover on a bathtub after bathing", "to set PC at saving energy mode" and so on. 2) The average energy saving effect by low-impact life style is 5% in June and August.

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This paper described the drainage load of food waste grinder drainage system, and maintenance. The following are the two objectives of this study. (1) First of all, to measuring an average flow rate of sanitary fixture (qd-value) for designing a food waste grinder drainage system, and compare with previous reference value and standard of SHASE-S206. And to clarify drainage load calculation method for the design of food waste grinder drainage system. (2) To examine how the drainage with grinded food waste flows to lower stories of the building, as the important issue of maintenance management.

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Dispute concerning community noise may cause murders or wound affairs. This problem is, however, overlooked in a research on the architectrual environment engineering. The present study treats the noise dispute affairs and investingates the factors of the trouble and the prevention means. As a first step, the response against noise complaint was researched using the Pictrue-Frustration study in psychological technique. From this research it was revealed that this method is effective and the results of this method may be possible to be statistically evaluated.

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Among LCA studies for buildings in Japan, there is a study continuing since 1990 by the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), based on which the AIJ-LCA tool was worked out. Based on it, we have, further, developed an assessment tool (AIJ-LCA/LCW tool) that is designed to estimate resource sustainability for buildings. For such purposes, this study intends to introduce the life cycle resource (LCR) and life cycle waste (LCW) indices in order to evaluate the sustainability of resources. This report gives an outline of these add-ons to the AIJ-LCA tool, and presents LCR and LCW assessments for the model building.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss so called "environmental construction" regarding energy savings and living comfort from the viewpoint of architectural planning. It is important to find and choose a designing method that enables the joining of controlling technologies (environmental menu) for light, heat and air for "environmental construction" to bring to bear its optimun effect. The cross-sectional model, in which a range of environmental menus were integrated, was made in the Hokkaido Northerm Regional Building Research Institute's plan as an actual example. The method to create the whole space by horizontally extending the model was employed.

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The accuracy of thermal performance simulation program for houses with air-circulation in walls is validated through comparison with measurements. The simulation and measurements are carried out on a detached house in Saitama prefecture under dwelled condition. Air temperatures in the crawl space, living room, air space and attic are the subjects of the comparison. The accordance of predicted values and measured ones denotes the accuracy of the simulation program. The superiority of the proposed wall structure on heating loads against normal wall structrue is shown using this simulation program.

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The Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) investigated the energy consumption in the residence of Japan from 2001 in 2004. This report is outline of the measurement technique of energy consumption for a residence which was developed in the committee by this subject. By using this measuring technique, it is possible to evaluate the demand of the energy consumption in a residence.

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In order to study the effect of the residential building energy saving by improvement of shelter performance and occupants' low impact life style, the coupling model of the transient simulation program with calculation model for indoor heat generation pattern have been developed. This paper firstly described the outline of the calculation methodology and the standard conditions as input data. Secondly, the validity of this calculation methodology was examined by means of comparison with the calculatde annual energy consumption and the reference values.

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Gaza has extreme values of both cold and warm percentages during the year. A questionnaire has been conducted to the study to investigate basic directions of indoor spaces. It is noticed that residences have prioritized tackling the summer rather than the winter problems. Orientation of spaces has been greatly influenced througy the nearby architecture where high tempreature is commonly known. To guide the planning and design in term of sustainability, particular analysis of Bioclimatic charts and Mahoney tables have been integrated to the study. Herein, a different priority of architectural design has been obviously shown. Tackling the winter rather the summer problems is urgently needed to achieve the human comfort. Therefore, it is advisable to revise the priorities according to the climatic analysis in order to execute well being residences. Moreover, physical and architectural characteristics for future planning have been found.

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This is the feasible study of the revitalization of neighborhood and the elderly group living in the center of Kurobane Town. Three times of the workshop were held to program the community development of Kurobane for aging society and to examine the feasibility of conversion of the Y's old shop and house by the residents group named Nasu-tai and the students of Meiji University. As a result we can convert the old shop into the care giver's office and the small community center, the old house into the small day center. And we can plan the elderly group living consist of 5 units.

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In this paper, we verified the easiness to use the utility space in consideration of the care at the public housing. Experiment was done at the actual size utility room using the elderly with the disability. We made an experiment about the entrance width, passage width and the relations for easiness of the indoor movement, and an appropriate dimension was confirmed. We made an experiment about assisting transfer space for the elderly in toilet, and a proper space was confirmed. There is the difference with the easiness to use by the arrangement of the rest room, the wash room and the bathroom. We designed the standard plan of the public housing as these results of an experiment.

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We made following two surveys at 11 housing estates in the north suburban area of Fukui city. First, we grasped and classified the real of sandscape by eye measurement. Second, we grasped the inhabitants' daily life and their concerm for community movenent by questionnaire survey. Form the result of these two surveys, we found the relation between 'Exhibition behavior in landscape', 'Behavior in daily life and human-relation' and 'Concern for community movement' are correlative.

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For the improvement on living conditions of person with intellectual disabilities in their community living, this study aims to clarify the qualities of group-housing in Germany and Netherlands as the countries with the system of public care insurance similarly in Japan. As the result, on the aspect of housing scale Germany has progressed much more, and there has been remarkable tendency for arranging group-housing to be respect to private life for the residents in Netherlands. These data of this study is useful for improvements of the Japanese regulations and assessments of environment for clients.

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This study follows the former paper titled "A genealogical analysis on the block plan of hospital architecture", and analyzes the planning policy of an operating theater in Japanese hospitals from genealogical point. After 50's the discussion concerning dividing clean zone from dirty space has begun, and "the adding vestibule type" and "the independence of instruments' space" has appeared. During 70's and 00's, enthusiastic discussion has been done. At first splitting the traffic of surgical instruments from other has been proposed. In this case, there are two types for the traffic of instruments, the one is clean instruments and the other is dirty ones. These concepts have created "the clean hall type", "the one way type", "the distribution hall type" and "the gathering dirty instruments corridor type". CDC guidelines for operating theater was published in 1999, a quite new concepts for designing operating theatre has started. At present, rational and efficiency facility design is focused, and the new design concept for long time surgical treatment for patients and personnel is pursued.

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The activities and problems of local assembly halls in Sapporo are clarified. And we considered the state of small common houses closer to the residents. The findings are as follows. (1) The space which can perform various things in one space. (2) The gallery which local information can send. (3) Equipment and service which solve a local problem. (4) It is necessary to be smaller common houses.

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It is said that reminiscence therapy is useful for tht dementia people. Photes of past architecture and scene, tools, and toys are used for this therapy. We consider if these architecture, scene and tools in pictures would be incarnated in actual interior in an circumstance of the aged, they might be therapy goods for the dementia people. We installed a street stall, Tatami space and Tatami corner into the long-term care facility for the aged. As a result, dementia people accepts these facilities and uses them with their memory.

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We have three hypothesizes. 1) It is necessary to guarantee "eat", "void" and "sleep" for people with severe physical and intellectual disabilities. 2) Especially "eating habit's" is origin of "power of living". 3) It is important for these people to live in the small-mass unit which has a comfortable day room with open kitchen in the middle of unit. The aim is to verify third hypothesis. In this paper, from the viewpoint of health, physical condition and daily life, we analyzed residents' actual conditions by the case data and the questionnaire. And a part of the hypothesis was verified.

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The purpose of this paper is to grasp at the programs and the activities of day service centers in Tama-city, Tokyo. Observation survey was conducted 6 facilities. Analysis collected in the observations was focused on attributes of elderly users, programs and activities, and Day service selection by distance from users' house to the Day service center in each facility. Consequently conclusions about these were learned as follows: 1) The Programs and the Activities of 6 Day Service Facilities have many points in common. 2) Facilities selection is independent of distance from user's house to the Day service center.

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In consideration of a concrete administration policy of a crematory, I developed the cremation furnace numerical calculation method which a ground plan could reflect. Time accepting a corpse, an interval of time to receive, a driving interval of a cremation furnace are fixed not only the number of the necessary cremation furnaces begins to be led, and an administration program is decided.

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Computerization poses the digital divide and the similar troubles, and the necessity for information literacy is recognized again. In the lifelong learning related facilities, the environmental maintenance where IT study can be performed is needed immediately. Then, the community centers in Yokohama-shi are taken as an advanced example of the maintenance of the social education facilities, an understanding of the changes of the maintenance, the management method and the maintenance actual conditions, etc. of the study environment using a computer are gained, and the effective way to maintain the facilities in the future is investigated.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between the technology of passive system and the design method of space. Ninety three houses with a passive system out of 142 environment-conscious houses are found in the house journals published from 1970 to 1995 in Japan. The results showed that the tecnology of passive system were classified into solar system and the others, and the design method of space were classified into five types. The relationship between them were expressed as a figure.

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This report presents technology development of Infill system for rental apartments that could be customized by tenants. It enhances the value of rental apartments for tenants and for landlord. This technology consists of hierarchical Infill systems. Infill-1 is fixed parts as a part of building fabric, while Infill-2 is flexible parts that could be installed and removed flexibly by each tenants' choice. This reports illustrates developed elements and details of interface concerned in Infill-1 and Infill-2.

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This paper verifies the effect and subject of the process of the community participation in the planning process of health and welfare facilities. The conciusions are as follows: 1) By establishing the process that expand an examination range from a individual thing to an overall thing, and the various program suitable for the process, as the result, the paticipants come to be able to propose and understand the health and welfare facilities of a specialized various function, 2) When it plans the health and welfare facilities with community participation, the study process of the participant is important and the observation of relative facilities is one of the easy important study means of the participant.

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When we review the modern settlements in Hokkaido began in Meiji Era, Tondenhei-muras are considered to be composing the first among the layers of developments. By the method of overlay mapping analysis with fiald survey and reference of documents, we succeed to reveal the character of spacial structure of Tondenhei-mura and evaluate how it worked up and change to now. The character can be described of the composition of territorial orders of land use, oriented by the axis with the careful setting of central zone, creating spiritual symbol as a Shinto shrine, preparing visibility of proper domain.

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The paper attempt to grasp the present situation of the arrangement plan of welfare facilities for the elderly, and the plan of community care. The results of this study are (1) 29 local governments make location planning of long term care insurance facilities and facilities for in-home service in coordination with living spheres. (2) The local governments target Special nursing homes for the elderly, Group home for the elderly with dementia, and Day service in the plan. (3) 414 local governments make location planning of home care support centers in coordination with living spheres.

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In 1998, the Large-scale Retail Store Locating Law was enacted. As a result, the large-scale store located in suburbs increases in Sapporo City. This has a great effect on city plannning, also. The large-scale store not based on the city planning to aim to form an excellent residen-tial area is located. This research analyzes relations with the large store and the city planning system. And it is proposed when city planning is reflected on the system, and enact zoning system for the large-scale store.

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With the amendment of the City Planning Act as a turning point in 2000, Hyogo Prefecture has developed the new operation of the development permission system, making the cooperative use of the municipal land-use planning. This report mentions the process of the new operation of the development permission system in the case of Hyogo Prefecture.

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Local Autonomy Law was revised in March, 2003, and Designated Administration System was introduced. The progress of the town management by collaboration of administration and citizens can be expected by using this system. Hamanaka city office decided the Designated Administration System to be introduced into the Kiritappu Shitsugen Center. This research clarifies that introduction process of the Designated Administration System over the Kiritappu Shitsugen Center in the Hamanaka-cho is analyzed and this system brings a new findings to the construction of a regional governance.

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Nowadays, Large-scale Retail Stores (LRS) has developed all over Japan, especially during the 1990's. In this paper, first, the authors overlook the spatial structure on retail location in Nagoya 20 km zone using jurisdictional data. Next, usin a GIS software and point data on LRS, we analyze spatial patterns of LRS location, in comparison between before and after LRS Law enforcement in 2000. The results suggest that in CBD (within 5 km) zone there has been saturated with LRSs, and that in the other zones competition of LRS locations has been overheated since 2000 the period after LRS enforcement.

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The concepts of 'town-centre management', including 'tenantmix management', are required for shopping streets to survive against large-scale store located in suburb. From this viewpoint, we focus on Ohsu district, where is formed by nine shopping streets, and located near Nagoya CBD. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of both of the tenants compositions and visitors' behaviors, using two points of survey data in 1998 and 2003.

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The activities of "Kita no Yatai", as an example of downtown revitalization in local cities, has attracted many attentions in the nation-wide level. It is necessary to inclusively research the background and the role of its activities to realize the whole of it. This thesis aims at discussion on the relationship between the formation and the idea of "Tokachi Area and Environmental Laboratory" which could be considered as the main organization body of "Kita no Yatai".

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