In this study, we conducted two subject experiments using virtual environment technology to examine the effect of downlight arrangement patterns on the feeling value of ceiling height. The following findings were obtained. 1) When four downlights are placed on a rectangular ceiling surface, the ceiling height is evaluated higher when the downlights are distributed than when they are gathered in the center. 2) When comparing the color temperature of the downlights at 4000K and 3000K, there is no significant difference in the effect of the placement pattern on the feeling value of ceiling height.

The study aims to reveal secondary effects by the incorporation of neighborhood associations (hereinafter, referred to as “INA”). As a results, the vast majority of local governments don’t have a policy of prompting INA. Whereas INA have the secondary effects on improving awareness of the activity and an intention of acquisition of real estate.

This study examined lighting control methods for the three adjacent spaces of the entrance, foyer, and hall in a public cultural facility. The suitability of the foyer’s lighting environments according to programs were evaluated by subjects. The appropriate illuminance and color temperature of the foyer were found to differ depending on the performance in the hall. Next, the audiences’ behaviors in the continuous space were estimated. Based on these surveys, a new lighting control method that integrates the hall and foyer was proposed. It could be applied to control admission time and smooth spectator replacement.

This study develops a location optimization planning method for local public facilities and applies it to a merged municipality. Considering facility selectivity and inhabitant’s living area based on a questionnaire survey, an allocation optimization method was constructed. Applying this model, it was possible to reduce floor areas to the target without any areas becoming inconvenient for access. The problems are to reflect the quantitative preference of facilities into the facility selection model, to consider facilities reduction process, and to set the appropriate levels for each service.

There are approximately 30,000 public schools nationwide. Many of these buildings are over 40 years old, and require rebuilding or refurbishing. In addition, future public school facilities must flexibly response to various issues, such as diversifying learning styles, barrier-free, centralization for local communities, effective evacuation facility, and so on. In this paper, we focused on the planning guidelines for public school facilities formulated as master plans by local governments. First, we clarified the status nationwide. Then, as a case study, a participant observation survey in Nagaizumi Town, analysed the formulation process and the significance of them.

This study is not limited to the Cooperative-Style Group Homes found in Toyama and Miyagi prefectures, but also covers GHs that do not have common facilities and are symbiotic regardless of the building type or system. We conducted questionnaire and interview surveys after revealing the locations of the survey targets. The purpose of the survey was to clarify the factors required for the establishment and management of GHs with integrated services for the elderly and disabled by organizing the outline of the corporation, the building, and the situations of the establishment and management.

This paper discusses the planning of school library as a “place” based on the library use consciousness and behaviors of students in junior high school. We took questionnaire survey for three school libraries. The junior high student recognized school library with a place reading books, as a place spending time with friends or staying calmly alone, as well as a place borrowing books. In the school libraries where magazines and general books are substantial, students spread in various places in the library and developed use actions various there. The school library needs substantial collection books and various stay places.

As a characteristic result of the verification, the negative reaction to the room after the environment creation on a five-point scale was remarkable among male visitors, and the score evaluation was also low, suggesting that males tend to have more difficulty accepting environmental changes than females. Since it is thought that the load from the environmental change and the adaptability differ among users, it is appropriate to consider the load from the environmental change of users and to create the environment gradually in the place where care is involved, especially in the place where mental health is concerned.

By the infection spread of COVID-19, people were required to refrain from leaving their homes unnecessarily and lived with their families. And they spent time while having the uneasiness to going out of the residence ridge. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the activity status of usage and evaluation of courtyards in Makuhari Bay Town during the period of Self-Quarantine under the state of emergency declaration. This report analyzed the association with the resident attribute about the use actual situation and the evaluation of the courtyard.

In this study, three experiments using virtual environment technology were conducted to examine the effect of the shape of curved passages on the judgement of direction. The following findings were obtained. 1) The miss-shift of the direction judgement was larger in the curved passages with turning angles of 90 to 165 degrees than in the straight passage. 2) The miss-shift of the judgement of direction was larger in the curved passages with a radius of curvature of 3500mm than in the curved passages with a radius of curvature of 500mm.

The basic infectious disease countermeasure against the COVID-19 in public spaces, “ensuring a physical distance,” was quantitatively analyzed through an observational survey conducted in JR Osaka Station Atrium Square. The results showed that the density of holiday visitors increased due to the repetition of the issuance and lifting of four emergency declarations. The density decreased slightly after once increasing. Weekday visitors showed a tendency to keep their distance from passersby.

As a summary of this study, at first, Questionnaire of selective question was performed. At second, Landscape resources were extracted by cluster analysis based on the questionnaire of free description. At third, Landscape characteristics were extracted by text mining analysis based on free writing. As a result, usability of data and analysis methods were exposed by questionnaire in Akita city. We think, this result is useful about landscape policies in other city.

This paper reported on the design of skyscrapers in the “Conservation Integrated Redevelopment Project” for preserving previously unreported historic buildings and constructing skyscrapers. In particular, we focused on the podium façade design of skyscrapers, which is indispensable for continuous townscape creation, and reported on the design process and planning intent from the initial plan to the realization plan.

In case of the Mitsui Main Building block redevelopment project, the Architect tried to harmonize the Mitsui Main Building with the skyscraper “Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower”.

This paper summarized the surveys, judgment factors, issues and responses, and construction plans conducted for that purpose.

In this study, a subjective experiment was conducted using both a virtual environment technology and an electrodermal activity measurement method. This study is a part of research aimed at obtaining knowledge about window width that does not cause mental strain. The study results revealed that 1) These results mainly indicate that the narrower the window width, the higher the mental strain on the person staying in a room. 2) The results also suggested that mental strain varied depending on the type of avatar. These findings might be valuable when creating a window arrangement that results in less mental strain.

In this study, a single crossing experiment was conducted to determine how pedestrians behave in avoiding micromobility. From the walking trajectory in this experiment, we were able to establish a method for creating predictive and avoidance area maps after calculating walking speed, angular velocity, and the relative distance between the micromobility and the subject. In addition, a trend analysis of pedestrian avoidance behavior toward micromobility was conducted on the created predictive and avoidance area maps. Trend analysis reveals areas where pedestrians are at risk from micromobility under different crossing angles and under different limits on avoidance behavior.

We analyzed and categorized fishing villages from a nationwide perspective about the size and form of the settlement, and based on these results, we examined the formation process and residential range in North Kinki. In fishing villages, the village form is defined by the correspondence with the terrain. Taking North Kinki as an example, various formation processes were seen even in one village form. Also, since the fishing villages before the early modern period were mainly for maritime traffic, some villages did not have a main axis in the early modern period.

Currently, housing complexes in Japan have been preserved and maintained as a comfortable living environment by collective housing facilities. However, social conditions and residential needs have been changing since occupancy started. Then, there are concerns about the current regulations mismatching the actual situation. Thus, it will be arduous to respond flexibly to the needs of the future. In the study, analyzing the process of transitioning district plans and clarifying how the process by the target apartment complexes was transitioned. Then, looked up the ideal transition process.

The widely distributed and feature-rich dotted-like green open spaces are important disaster prevention nodes in the city’s comprehensive disaster prevention system. This study takes the urban dotted-like green open spaces in Qinhuai district of Nanjing City and Nishi-ku district of Fukuoka City as the research object, selects 17 aspects of space form, infrastructure and surrounding environment to conduct field surveys, and uses SPSS25.0 software to survey data perform descriptive statistical analysis and cluster analysis to reflect the problems of construction in both countries, and propose corresponding disaster prevention construction recommendations for different types of dotted-like green open spaces.

I clarify the operational characteristics of the Nagasaki Urban Design System and the unwritten design manners in this report. I can point out as operational characteristics that the fixed members give advice while long-term, that it is applied to both of public and private projects, that it has no guideline, that they advise after watching the site and the actual product, and that the planners who can understand this system are chosen. vertical louvers of buildings, white tones, rooftop greening and voluminous green, hiding fences, reuse of historic materials, and similar designing are unwritten design manners.

In this study, Oote-mall in Toyama City as a case study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of residents to clarify the "character" of urban space by focusing on the components and impressions of the city, and examined the possibility of developing activities and policies for landscape town development that is unique to the region. The results suggest that (1) continuation of the Marché, (2) creation of a stay experience that makes the landscape apparent, (3) sophisticated landscape development and PR targeting young people, (4) liveliness and design in daily life, and (5) understanding the needs of the elderly are required.

In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the spatial distribution of pedestrians in the Meieki district of Nagoya by comparing a log-log model with a generalized linear model. We classified all the factor variables into four categories. To compare the importance of each variable in the model, we introduced mean standardized partial differential coefficients value. The results show that the generalized linear model is superior to the log-log model and the spatial distribution of pedestrians in the Meieki district is strongly correlated with the segment angular integration value(R=1200).

In reference to the okuesei (“inwardness”) that is characteristic of Japanese urban design and architecture, this paper uses the layers of permeable space (LPS) of Daikanyama Hillside Terrace, an urban commercial and residential building complex, that concurrently express its spatial strata and visible domains, making the spatial composition apparent and revealing the characteristics of the buildings. At the same time, this paper illustrates that the LPS is an evaluation indicator of okusei that can be easily created and understood by a layperson.

This study aims to grasp the situation of supports for dual-habitation by local governments. We conducted a questionnaire survey for local governments. As a result, many supports were about set up a consultation desk and utilization of subsidies. On the other hand, it was useful to set up a dedicated homepage, provide unoccupied house bank and places for employment and community exchange. In addition, we confirmed the growing interest due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was found that support for dual-habitation requires not only support for the houses, but also the realization of new work styles and regional exchanges.

In diversified community development, there is case to see utilization of castles as important. This study aims to clarify the actual conditions of maintaining and utilizing the castles. Their active utilization entails various cases using squares, formulating rules, and working on projects in collaboration with citizens. Approximately half of the castles, which only have stone walls and moats, do not have power supplies and water facilities. Thus, castle utilization has been completely neglected. In order to create a lively atmosphere in the castle, maintenance projects, in which not only the administrators but also citizens can participate, must be implemented.

This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the number of vacant houses by construction age. This method utilizes microdata from the Housing and Land Survey, a national statistic, to estimate the number of vacant houses, including detached homes, which had not been available due to a lack of data. The estimated data provides an understanding of the actual volume of vacant dwellings in Japan. These results presented the importance of considering measures for old house reuses and demolition based on the volume segment by construction ages.

Many companies have created business continuity plans, which are plans for disaster preparedness and post-disaster response in order to minimize damage in the event of a disaster. We can analyze what risks companies are prioritizing and how much countermeasures they are taking against various types of risks. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire on the frequency of disasters assumed by BCP and the target recovery period. Here, we will explain the contents and results of the questionnaire survey and report the analysis focusing on the differences depending on the region of work and industry.

This paper aims to find issue to increase the number of rental housing units that allow DIY, the characteristics of rental housing units that allow DIY and the intentions of real estate agents who handle these units were identified. In order to promote the spread of DIY-ready rental housing, it is necessary to establish a method for disclosing information about DIY at recruiting residents, establish the concept of Right to Request Purchase of Interior Decorations and Fixtures and the right to demand reimbursement of beneficial costs, create and present guidelines, develop a system for mediation and arbitration, and provide consumer education.

A 3D printing system with a six-axis robot has a higher degree of freedom than the conventional three-axis system. Thus, it can be used for modelling without using a support material and can execute a three-dimensional path, including movement in the z-direction. In this study, a 3D printing path generation method for a six-axis robot is proposed, comprising an equidistant division method for free-form surfaces and a method for generating curves based on tensile stresses generated in the modelled object. Subsequently, the design and production of a structure that utilizes the proposed method are demonstrated through an example.

Recent frequent and severe flood occurrence have increased the need for urban planning and building measures to respond to inundation risks. In order to obtain suggestions for building and land use management based on inundation risks, floodproofing plans of 4 types of premises, occupying 1^st floor of an RC building located in an urban area, are examined. Then, the additional building cost compared with the benchmark standard plan, and the amount of damage reduction due to floodproofing are estimated. Finally, the applicabilities of such measures are examined by analyzing the cost-effectiveness of plans under various conditions of inundation probability.

This paper summarized the outline of Suzaka City’s house register “Tatemono-Daicho”, and considered its historical position. Then the effectiveness of house register “Tatemono-Daicho” has been verified by field-work and analysis. As a result, it was shown that the house register “Tatemono-Daicho” was created by former Suzaka town for levying a tax in 1889. It shows, in addition, house register “Tatemono-Daicho” accurately recorded most of the residential lands information in former Suzaka town when the taxation reform was required. And it was positioned as an effective historical material to know the state of the buildings and the town.

This report examines the roof styles and materials used for the ridge and roof surface of minka houses with thatched roofs covered with metal sheets in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, and Koka City, Shiga Prefecture. The results confirmed the diversity of exterior designs of minka with thatched roofs covered with metal sheets and the regional characteristics of each area.

‘Todai Mokei’ has a distinctive wooden frame technology with through pillars. Specifically, this technique is a combination of pillars that run through the first to the third floor and staggered by pillars that run through the lower and upper floors. Floor beams called “sashimono” are connected to four sides of the pillar. There is also a “mawaribanduke”, which is a combination of “hiragana” and numbers.

Some historical facts have been revealed about the architecture currently called Kabutocho Heiwa No. 5 Building. I have reported and consider some historical facts such as the building name at the time of completion in 1923 was “Daiichi Bank Head Office Annex” and the architect who designed it was “Yoshitoki Nishimura”.

This discovery was useful in understanding architect Yoshitoki Nishimura and the history of the city of Nihonbashi Kabutocho.

This article considers the wages of craftsmen described in the “Agatsuma shokuko kumiai kiyaku” in the “Gunma-ken Agatsuma shokuko kumiai kiyaku-syo” published in June 1887. The following points will be clarified. From this material, we can find out the wages of construction jobs and the artificial number of jobs in 1887. Under this agreement, carpenters, joiners, etc. could find a close relationship between wages and quantity per unit.

Due to the great damage caused by the Muroto-typhoon in 1924, technical standards for large-scale wooden construction needed to be revised. We have found that school auditorium buildings still exist in Tokai district built in early Showa-period before the WWII and they are good materials to analyze the technical transition at the time. This paper describes about the historically noteworthy aspects of the buildings based on the field survey, construction drawings and interviews as well as structural analysis about the wooden truss to enable a large space. We hope this study contributes to the evaluation and conservation of cultural properties.

Notes handwritten by Furuichi Koi in French are currently kept in “Furuichi Koi Collection”, the University of Tokyo (M04, M05, M07). M04 and M05 were translated into Japanese by Iguchi Shohei, but Japanese translation of M07 entitled Notes sur les travaux publics en Europe is not yet realized. The purpose of this report is the typing and Japanese translation of the full text of Chapter III’s general description that provides an overview of the urban planning of Rome City, Italy.

“Kitayamaso” built in the northern mountains of Kyoto City in 1942 was constructed by carpenters but members of a high school mountaineering club contributed themselves directly by leveling the ground and carrying construction materials. Afterward, they gradually accumulated maintenance experience through club activities and some went on to work in construction or forestry after graduation. Members are currently doing the renovation by themselves, having developed their own methods, freely giving form to their ideas.

Europe’s first pedestrian mall, the Lijnbaan Rotterdam has influenced the creation of numerous pedestrian malls worldwide. Gaborone Main Mall is one of the affected 1960s cases in a southern African city. Through the comparison of formal features between the Rotterdam Lijnbaan pedestrian mall and the Gaborone Main Mall, it was found that the latter had numerous morphological similarities to the former regarding spatial organization with distinctive details. This research explicates the common architectural feature between the two malls to explore the inheritance and transformation of Lijnbaan into the new capital city core during the building period of post-colonial Botswana.

The purpose of this report is to examine the design process of the Republic of China Pavilion for the 1970 Japan World Exposition in Osaka, using materials dispersed in Japan and Taiwan. The research revealed that the first prize proposal for the pavilion was selected through an open design competition, but that the jury, Ieoh Ming Pei, rejected it, and the pavilion was redesigned under Pei’s coordination. It was also revealed that throughout the design process, the design of the ROC Pavilion, despite its apparent modernism style, consistently attempted to express the Chinese spirit and traditions.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development processes of both the sugar industry and the area infrastructure in Kosyun (present-day Hengchun), in southern Taiwan, during the period of Japanese administration.

The Kosyun sugar refinery company was established in 1917 and constructed two improved traditional sugar manufacturing plants. The Kaikou port boat basin, in northern Kosyun, was constructed in 1922.

In 1926 Kosyun sugar refinery company integrated its two factories into one large sugarcane mill and constructed its push-car railway between Kosyun and Kaikou port. Furthermore, Kosyun sugar refinery company constructed irrigation facilities in the surrounding farmlands.

In the1960s and 1980s, sugar and pasta factories (Eridania and Barilla) were closed in Parma because of the change in the economic structure, and these factory sites were devastated. In the 1997, Parma began to revitalize the disused factory sites and an old sugar factory was preserved and regenerated into a music hall. The case of the Ex Eridania-Barilla is a pioneer in the preservation and utilization of industrial heritage in Italy. This paper reports on the background, systems, and methods of preservation and utilization of this project, which became a turning point in Parma’s urban policy.

To shorten the period until emergency temporary housing is put into service after a disaster occurs, it is necessary to automate the design of prefabricated emergency temporary housing units. In this paper, we have developed and evaluated a program that runs on BIM, which automatically creates BIM design models of prefabricated emergency temporary housing units and design documents based on them with as little manual operation as possible. As a result, 88% prefabricated building components and 55% non-prefabricated building components were correctly calculated automatically, and the drawing preparation time was reduced by 70% compared to the conventional method.

SfM can reconstruct the 3D shape of an object with high accuracy if there are many feature points on the surface to be measured. However, in the field of architecture, there is a problem that building surfaces are beautifully preserved and the shape cannot be reconstructed because of the small number of feature points. In this study, we proposed a method to improve the measurement accuracy of SfM by projecting a random pattern on a wall surface and distributing a large number of feature points. Experiments confirmed that the measurement accuracy was as good as that of a laser scanner.

In 2017, the City of Nagoya announced a comprehensive incentive zoning system that provides floor-area ratio premiums for public use locations, as well as open space creation and lot consolidation. This study aims to show these policy effects in the downtown area by means of simulations on both indoor and outdoor populations. In this paper, we newly explore the two population estimation models fitted to the mobile phone location data, and also visualize the 3D built-up downtown features under each policy scenario by extending the existing simulator on 3D modeling software (Rhinoceros/Grasshopper).

The purpose of this paper is to propose a “disaster preparedness game for everyone” that can accumulate information on the problems and needs of foreigners. Through the practice of this game at a Nepalese school in Japan, information unique to Nepalese people was accumulated. In addition, the proposed game had a ripple effect, allowed people to learn while having fun and improved their disaster awareness. From the outcome of the research, the information accumulated in the "Disaster Preparedness Game for Everyone" could be used by the government toward inclusive disaster risk reduction.

We surveyed damage to 146 buildings caused by the mudflows in the Izusan area, Atami City in 2021. As a result, wooden houses were almost washed away at a mud depth of more than 2 m, while RC buildings remained without significant structural damage. However, damage to wooden houses was greatly reduced in cases where there were obstacles such as RC buildings upstream, or where the houses were built on mixed structure with embankment, RC, S-structure foundations, or columns (pilotis).

The 2011 North Nagano earthquake of M=6.7 occurred at the boundary of Nagano and Niigata prefectures in the next day following to the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku. In the previous paper, literature survey on damage related to snow for this earthquake was performed referring the local Nagano prefectural newspaper articles. Continuing to this, the same survey was done with the documents of Niigata side. The snow effects to this earthquake are listed in time series from the beginning of disasters to their recovering processes. Lessons learned from this event are also discussed.

We conducted disaster awareness survey among junior high school students and their parents and compared analyze the relationship between risk perception and countermeasure behavior regarding housing during an earthquake. Two results were obtained from the analysis. First, it was found that subjective injury probability had a more direct influence on coping behavior than subjective occurrence probability for both junior high school students and their parents. Second, it was found that risk perception in the coping evaluation did not influence the countermeasure behavior of junior high school students as much as that of their parents.