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Volume 12, Issue 11
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Syozo FUKUI1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1005-1011
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lead peroxide method has been widely applied for measuring the extent of atmospheric pollution by sulfur oxides. But, it is time-consuming for analyses and subjected to deviations of results by the differences of the quality of lead peroxide.
The filter paper method is not affected by the difference of the quality of reagent, and can be used not only for the determination of sulfur oxides but also for the determination of nitrogen oxides and chloride in the atmosphere.
The tast papers are prepared by immersing filter papers (Toyo roshi Co. Ltd. No. 526, 5×13 cm) into a 50% potassium carbonate solution followed by air-drying.
They are exposed to the atmosphere for the period of one month in louvered boxes. After the test period has elapsed the paper space of 5×10 cm is cut into small pieces and treated with water for the extraction.
Sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and chloride are determined, respectively, by the barium chloranilate method, the diazotizing method and the mercury chloranilate method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Hiroshi SUZUKI, Kazuhiko OISHI1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1011-1017
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNickel carbonyl is heavily toxic and is said that its allowable limits are 3 ppm (by volume) for 30 minutes exposure, 40 ppb for 40 hours and 1ppb in ordinary working circumstance.
An attempt has been made by the authors to obtain an accurate and rapid method of determination of nickel carbonyl, and the following method is presented. Add 20 ml of iodin-ethyl alcohol soln. (0.05%) in a specially designed absorption tube, dip it in a trichloroethylene-dryice cooler of -30°C and then pass sample air through it at the rate of 2 l/min. Dry up the absorption solution on a sand bath, dissolve the black residue of nickel iodate in water and determine the nickel colorimetrically as dimethylglyoxime complex. Nickel carbonyl in ppb order can be determined by using 500 l air and the time required is 67 hours.
The proposed method is more accurate and rapid than the conventional methods in practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K) -
Studies on design and application of a photographic ultramicroscope.ITakashi MUKAIBO, Shin SUZUKI, Kyojiro ADACHI1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1017-1027
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious modifications of a photographic ultramicroscope were designed, constructed and tested. The most satisfactory design involved a xenon arc lamp and used a high-sensitivity film (such as SSS) at an exposure time of 1/4 to 1/2 second. The use of an objective with magnification factor of 5 to 10 and of an eye piece with magnification factor of 15 were found sufficient. The focus length was 20 μ. The maximum depth of space, where all of recognizable aerosol particles were contained, was called the effective counting depth.
The depth of this ultramicroscope was estimated as 1120 μ by measurement using an objectives of magnification 10 and an eye piece of magnification 15. Then the volume of cube space in which the visible particles are present estimated as 3 × 10-4 (cc). The saturation type temperature raising within the cell during illumination was found by measuring with a thermister. A method of measuring particle size from the measuremenent of variation of particle concentration with time at a given horizontal level within a cell and a method of measuring the dispersion of aerosol particles within a cell upon injection were both proposed.
The design was constructed so as to be able to measure the effect of scattering angle of beam illuminating particles upon measurement of size distribution of tobacco aerosol, but no remarkable effect was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (8439K) -
Shun ARAKI, Tatsuo KATOH1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1027-1032
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish the analytical method of high boiling air pollutants by gas chromatography, a new method was investigated. Concentration tube was 10 mm φ× 50 cm glass tube packed with 33% wt. silicone grease coated on C-22, and its concentrating efficiency was tested for many compounds, with which the optimum size of the tube was decided. It was confirmed that 1/50 ppm sample was detected from 40 l of air.
Injection tube to gas chromatograph was glass U-tube having a sillicone rubber stopper instead of a usual glass cock, and could be operated at 200°C. With these apparatus, high boiling pollutants such as furfural, nitrobenzene, phenol, cresol etc. were quantitatively analyzed.
This investigation was carried out as a part of the total analysis of air pollutants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Sadao OMITI1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1032-1037
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid turbidimetric method for the determination of sulfate ion in the water-soluble matter collected by the deposit gauge is described. In order to form a stable barium sulfate suspension and to select an optimum wavelength, a new procedure was studied.
Ten ml of the filtrate from the insoluble solids determination is treated with 1 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid, 4 ml of glycerin-alcohol solution (1+2) and approximately 0.3g of barium chloride crystals, mixed well and allowed to stand for 20 min. The barium sulfate suspension obtained by this procedure is very suitable for the determination of absorbancy. The proposed method is applied for routine analysis of water-soluble matter containing less than 100 μg/ml of sulfate ion. The relative error in determination is ± 5% in 10 to 150 ppm range of sulfate ion and an analysis requires 30 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Saburo YANAGISAWA, Shunpo MITSUZAWA, Akira HIROSE, Michio ARAI1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1037-1040
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gaseous nitrogen dioxide as an important air pollutant was colored by the Griess-Saltzmann reagent and continuously determined by spectrophotometry using a double-path photometer. The liquid reagent which flows through the reference cell is contacted with the atmospheric air in a contact column and the resulted color is determined at 520 mμ.
The colored reagent in the sample cell is compared with the liquid reagent which flows through the reference cell. The reaction is sensitively affected by temperature and it is to be made under a controlled circumstance. The reaction is completed within 6 min. at 30°C. The rates of flow of liquid and air were 4.5 and 150 ml/ min., respectively.
The following results were obtained in the practical determinations. The air around the exhaust pipe of an automobile in operation contained 0.24 ppm of NO2. The atmospheric air over the roof of a building in the central urban area contained 0.110.16 ppm of NO2 in the winter season. Burning of coal gas in a closed room increases the NO2 content in the air from 0.06 to 0.4 ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Saburo YANAGISAWA, Yoshikazu HASHIMOTO, Shunpo MITSUZAWA1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1040-1046
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA small hand-made a. c. dust precipitator equipped with a filter dust collector was used for separation of fine particles larger than 3 μ in diameter from the smaller ones. Inorganic constituents in the atmospheric dust were determined by emission spectrographic analysis with the soak-up electrode.
The filter paper with dusts in the atmosphere was ashed in a furnace, weighed, fused with sodium carbonate and extracted by hydrochloric acid. The solution thus prepared was served as aliquots for spectrographic analysis. The dusts precipitated on an electrode of the electric precipitator was rinsed in methanol under ultrasonic oscillations of 200 kc/sec. The dust transfered into methanol was weighed after evaporating the solvent, and treated as in the same procedure mentioned above.
Three constituents, Al, Mg and Fe in the collected dusts from various places were determined at the same time. The abundance ratios between larger particles and the smaller ones in a fallout and dusts in the atmosphere were investigated according to those results.
The proposed method was also applied for the determination of lead in the exhaust gas of an automobile and 1.79 mg/m3 of lead was obtained in a sample which was collected from the exhaust pipe.View full abstractDownload PDF (1377K) -
Differences of amounts of deposited impurities obtained by the British Standard deposit gage and dust jar.IIsao SAITO, Sigeki MORITA, Kiyosi MOROZUMI, Masatake KOBAYASI, Takako ...1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1046-1049
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was carried out on the roofs of buildings at 3 stations in Tokyo city from July 1958 to June 1960. The British Standard deposit gage (BG) and the dust jar recommended by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (DJ) were used as dust collectors. The latter had been devised by I. Saito, one of the authors.
There were remarkable differences in the amounts of pollutants between BG values and DJ values, where the latters usually 150200% greater than the former in annual mean values. There were little monthly changes in BG values, while DJ values rose up eminently in the cold season. Consequently, BG values were close to DJ values in the warm or hot season, and were much lower than DJ values in the cold season.
The increase of total amount of deposit was produced chiefly by the increase of its waterinsoluble matter. Seemingly, the amounts of deposit were little changed by the difference of ca. 1 m of the height of the upper surface of the dust collector for the floor. As the cause of these marked differences between BG values and DJ values, the authors assumed, considering seasonal meteorological conditions in Tokyo, the difference of sampling method, namely, the difference of "dry" BG method and "wet" DJ method.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Differences of amounts of deposited impurities obtained by the British Standard deposit gage and dust jar.IIIsao SAITO, Sigeki MORITA, Kiyosi MOROZUMI, Masatake KOBAYASI, Takako ...1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1049-1052
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the first report of their study, the authors have pointed out that there were marked differences in the amounts of deposit obtained by the British Standard deposit gage (BG) and the dust jar recommended by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (DJ), and that these differences should be caused by the difference of the dry method and the wet method.
This study was done to confirm this assumption, during July 1960 to June 1961. In this study, 3 kinds of dust collector-BG, DJ, and a wet modification of BG devised by I. Saito (wet BG)-were used at the 3 stations in Tokyo city at first, increasing to 11 stations by November 1960.
Values at every stations showed similar tendencies, and the results obtained in the first report were reproduced in this study. There were good agreements between DJ values and wet BG values. Therfore, as far as this study concerned, the dust collecting efficiency of the collector was quite indifferent to its form or size, and was decided chiefly whether the sampling method taken was dry or wet. The wet method showed much higher efficiency than the dry method, because in the dry method the pollutants once fallen into the dust collector were apt to be blown out by the wind.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Differences of amounts of deposited impurities obtained by the British Standard deposit gage and dust jar. IIIIsao SAITO, Sigeki MORITA, Kiyosi MOROZUMI, Masatake KOBAYASI, Takako ...1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1053-1057
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out using the British Standard deposit gage (BG), a wet modification of BG (wet BG), and the dust jar recommended by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (DJ), at 4 stations in Tokyo city. The deviation coefficient (d) used by the authors to show the reproducibility was the following,
d=|m-a|/m×100=|m-b|/m×100,
where, a, b, …… measured value of one material,
m=a+b/2
There were stational, monthly and instrumental fluctuations in the deviation coefficient, although d by the same instrument was about 25% in the annual mean and was distinctly smaller than d between different kinds of instrument which was usually over 20%. Among 3 dust collectors tested, BG tended to give the largest d.
As collective conclusions from their 3 successive reports remarkable and irregular differences were seen between BG values and the other two in the amount of deposition (average annual values by the latters were 1.52 times greater than the former) as well as in its composition. The differences were seen in every places, and in every months or years. Meanwhile, the DJ and the wet BG methods gave values in good agreement, and generally with higher reproducibility than the BG method.
DJ is much easier in the practical oper than BG, and by the use of DJ, they can avoid accidental errors caused by meteorological conditions, especially by the wind, which are almost unavoidable in BG. Thus, DJ should be recommended as the dust collector instead of BG. The adoption of the DJ or wet method is essential in the measurement in rainless season in large city with multiple smoke sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Yoshitaka KOBAYASHI, Tatsuyuki ABE, Hiroshi TAKENO, Saburo KANNO, Shoz ...1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1057-1062
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of investigating the contribution of engine exhausts to urban atmospheric pollution, measurements of contaminants in the atmosphere from engine exhausts were carried out at Takashima-cho, Nishi-ku, one of the heavy traffic junctions in Yokohama during 19621963. As indicators of pollution levels from engine exhausts, the concentration of CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, and Pb in the atmospheric air were measured by using detector tube method and colorimetric method. At the same time, traffic density was obtained, using a manual counter, all the cars and trucks passing the location for 10 min. in each hour.
The concentration of CO ranged 140 ppm, CO2 340400 ppm, SO2 0.211.3 pphm, NO 6153 pphm, NO2<164 pphm, Pb 1.441.4 μg/m3. In general, the concentration of these contaminants showed two maximum peaks at nearly 9 o'clock in the morning and nearly 5 o'clock in the evening and also one minimum level at about 4 o'clock in the morning. The correlation between the concentration of air contaminants (CO, NO, NO2 and Pb) and the traffic density was considerably high.View full abstractDownload PDF (966K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1063-1065
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1065-1069
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1069-1070
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1070-1071
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1071-1073
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1074-1080
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1081-1097
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1098-1103
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1104-1109
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1110-1117
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1118-1122
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 1123-1125
Published: November 05, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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