BUNSEKI KAGAKU
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Volume 53, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Reviews
  • Biosensing technology for cellular and tissular responses
    Shinya IKENO, Tetsuya HARUYAMA
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 135-146
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.135
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cells correspond to the minimum functional unit in the organism living system and respond first to the chemical and physical stimulus. Such signals might be useful as parameters for recognition of living system status which is damaged by various factors, and the detection will be applicative for chemical information for its safety, drug efficacy profile. However, such cellular signals are very week and intractable detected using conventional analytical methods. Recently, developments of technology such as nanotechnology, molecular designing, genetic engineering, cellular and tissue engineering etc., have been brought the great contribution for life science such as research of medicine, molecular biology. Bioimaging using fluorescence probes are enable to easily visible detection for cellular and tissular function, and more functional cells translated by gene cloning technology have brought to sharply extend the possibility of cellular biosensing. Using new technology of biosensor, cellular and tissular function have been detected in situ. This review paper includes cellular biosensing technologies response to either toxic compounds or chemicals being considered for a medicinal drug for humans.
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Research Papers
  • Determination of trace impurities in high-purity zirconium oxide by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Kiyoshi NAKANE
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 147-152
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.147
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    Using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), trace impurities in high-purity zirconium oxide powder samples were determined. A 0.5 g zirconium oxide sample was dissolved with 5 ml of sulfuric acid (1+1) in a PTFE pressure vessel at 230°C for 40 h. Most of the spectral interferences were avoided by using a high-resolution spectrometer. The matrix effects of Zr were investigated. Since the matrix effects of a high Zr concentration on the peaks of the internal standard were similar to those on almost all of the analyte elements, except for Hf, the internal-standard method was employed for quantitative analysis. Indium was used for the internal standard element. The analytical values, except for Hf obtained by the internal-standard method, approximately agreed with those obtained by the standard addition method. The analytical values of the Hf obtained by ICP-AES approximately agreed with those obtained by the standard addition method. The detection limits in the solid samples were in the range of 0.01∼9 μg g−1. The determinations for Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr, Cs, La, Ce, Hf, Pb and Bi in three kinds of commercially available high-purity zirconium oxide powders are presented.
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  • On-site analysis of Islamic glass excavated in the Sinai Peninsula by a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for classification of glasses based on their chemical compositions
    Takashi SAWADA, Akiko HOKURA, Shoko YAMADA, Izumi NAKAI, Yoko SHINDO
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 153-160
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.153
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    Glass samples (8th∼12th century A.D.) excavated from archaeological sites (Raya and Wadi al-Tur) of Islamic periods in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt were analyzed in situ by a portable XRF spectrometer developed by our group. It was found that the content of Mn, Br, Sr, and Pb was useful to classify the non-decorated glass fragments. A total of 223 fragments of Islamic glass could be classified into the natron glasses (n = 127) and plant ash glasses (n = 96) based on their SrO vs. K/Ca plots. It is suggested that the content of Sr can be used instead of Mg in classifying Islamic glasses. In addition, it was found that TiO2 vs. SrO plot was also useful for classifying Islamic glasses.
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Technical Papers
  • Application of 2-(2,3-naphthalimino)ethyl trifluoromethanesulphonate as a pre-column derivatization reagent for high-performance liquid chromatography in the determination of 3-hydroxybutyrate in aqueous solution
    Rie NAKAHARA, Katsushi INAMURA, Gen WATANABE, Shin OHTA, Kenji SHIMADA ...
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 161-165
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.161
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    2-(2,3-Naphthalimino)ethyl trifluoromethanesulphonate (NE-OTf), as a pre-column derivatization reagent for high-performance liquid chromatography, has been tried for the determination of 3-hydroxybutyrate in aqueous solution. Thus far, NE-OTf has been inapplicable to short-chain carboxylic acids and an aqueous reaction system. 3-Hydroxybutyrate in aqueous solution reacted completely with an excess amount of NE-OTf in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, and N-ethyldiisopropylamine under a water-bath with sonic vibration setted at 45°C for 40 min. Under this condition, excess amounts of NE-OTf were also completely destroyed, and any chromatographic peaks due to by-products did not interfere with the determination of 3-hydroxybutyric acid ester derivative. The calibration curve of a 3-hydroxybutyrate standard solution was linear over the range of 0.02∼2.0 nmol for 10 μl injection, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for 3-hydroxybutyrate was 2 pmol for 10 μl injection. By this method, NE-OTf was successfully applied to the determination of 3-hydroxybutyrate in aqueous solution.
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Notes
  • Correlation coefficients between biomarkers and sub-surface microbial activities in terrestrial sediment over the past 10000 years
    Yoshinori TAKANO, Takeo KANEKO, Kensei KOBAYASHI, Katsumi MARUMO
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 167-172
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.167
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    Core samples of terrestrial sediments at depths of 0∼300 cm at Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan were analyzed for determining the product moment correlation coefficient (r) regarding amino acids, amino sugars, total organic carbon, total sulfur, enzymatic activities and microbial cell density. The abundance of sedimentary organic matter and the density of viable microorganisms were greatest at the surface, and drastically decreased with the depth. However, the D/L ratio of chiral amino acids and non-proteinous amino acids, such as β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, showed a negative correlation with the depth. Hence, racemization reactions and the alteration of dicarboxylic amino acids, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, to β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, respectively, via specific decarboxylation due to diagenesis were observed over the past 10000 years. The vertical distributions of biomarkers are highly consistent with the subterranean microbial activities in the sediment.
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  • Determination of calcium in natural water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry by adding reduced amounts of lanthanum chloride
    Masayoshi KOGA, Masashi NISHIDA, Isao YOSHIDA
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 173-176
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.173
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    The concentrations of calcium in river and underground water samples of Kikuchi River and Kikusui-machi in the northern area of Kumamoto Prefecture and in two commercially available drinking water samples, Volvic and Morinomizudayori, were measured by suppressing interference due to coexisting components, such as aluminum, silicate, sulfate and phosphate ions, by adding a smaller amount of lanthanum chloride than that indicated in the JIS method, 2×103 ppm. The calcium concentrations measured in the presence of 30 to 50 ppm lanthanum almost agreed with those by chelatemetric titration(EDTA) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). The proposed AAS with an acetylene-air flame is a facile and environmentally protective method for the determination of calcium in natural water samples.
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Technical Letters
  • International comparison on the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediment
    Takashi YARITA, Atsuko NAKAMA, Kazuko YOSHIMURA, Akiko TAKATSU, Kensak ...
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 177-182
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.177
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    An international comparison (CCQM-P17) on the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in sediment by national metrology institutes was carried out. We participated in this comparison by applying pressurized fluid extraction (PFE), followed by isotope-dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS). Details of our results for the determination of the four target congeners are described in terms of a quantification procedure using an equation that has been used for describing the IDMS method, a comparison of the PFE efficiency with that by Soxhlet extraction, and an evaluation of the uncertainties of the measurement. Full results of the international comparison are also given, in which our results are comparable to those reported by a majority of the participants.
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  • Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with an electric battery
    Jun KAWAI, Takashi YAMADA, Hajime FUJIMURA
    2004 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 183-186
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.183
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    A potable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer composed of an electric battery X-ray generator and a silicon drift detector was made. Several kinds of samples, including toxic elements, such as lead and cadmium, were measured in air using this spectrometer. A possibility to analyze these toxic elements is discussed. It has been demonstrated that sufficient intensity for lead and cadmium was obtainable within 100 seconds to identify these elements.
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