Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku (Tea Research Journal)
Online ISSN : 1883-941X
Print ISSN : 0366-6190
ISSN-L : 0366-6190
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Volume 1959, Issue 14
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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  • The Effect of Slip Treatment upon the Root Formation and Growth of the Tea Cuttings in Several Varieties (Part 1)
    Akira WATANABE, Shigeo HARADA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 1-7
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_1
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    The effect of slip treatments such as hormone treatment or increasing of the leaves attached to the slip was examined using various tea varieties which have poor rooting ability or weak growth. Hormone treatment was very effective to the formation of roots in all varieties used.
    Increase of the leaves of the slip was effective to the growth of cuttings, and the cuttings which had 4 leaves showed best growth. Hormone treated cuttings also showed better growth than non treated.
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  • Studies on the Frost Damage on the Tea Bush (Part 5)
    On the Influence of the Direct Covering on the Air and Leaf Temperature under the Covering
    Tsuneji TAKAHASHI, Hideya AONO, Shizuo TANAKA, Yoshimitsu YANASE
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 7-12
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_7
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    1. To know the suitable method to prevent frost damage of the tea bush by thin straw mat covering, the warm keeping effect was compared between two methods, the one was putting the mat on the bush surface (direct covering), the other was holding the mat 60 cm. above apart from the bush (indirect covering).
    The former method have been said that it frequently could not prevent severe damage.
    2. The leaf temperature under the covering was both kept higher than that of open one, but the temperature of the leaf touched to the covering material was lower than that of the untouched. From these facts it was suggested that the cold mat influenced on the air and leaf temperature owing to its nearer situation, and the touched leaf was cooled by heat conduction to the colder covering.
    The air temperature under either covering method was kept warmer than in the open plot, and especially the air temperature under the indirect covering was warmest. The straw mat covering was more effective at a calm night than at a windy one.
    The difference of air temperature between direct covering and open plot was small, as the bush under the covering was influenced by the radiate cooling from the cooler covering material.
    3. In the test of 1959, the tea leaves of open and two kinds of covering plot were damaged severely, as the test field was exposed to the low air temperature (about -6.0°C.). But the growth of bud after the damage of indirect covering plot was more speedy than that of direct covering or open plot, and the difference of growing speed between the direct covering and the open plot was seen scarcely.
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  • On the Relation of Cold Resistance in Tea Plant to the Amount of Negative Colloid by Colloid Titration Method
    Hiroko FUCHINOUE, Nirô TOMO, Yasumoto FUCHINOUE
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 13-17
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_13
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    The purpose of this study was to make clear the relation of cold resistance to the amount of negative colloid in the mature leaves measured by colloid titration method. In the varieties stronger in Cold resistance, negative colloid content was more abundant than that in weaker varieties, so it was pointed out that the absolute amount of negative colloid would be of great importance in cold resistance. Qualitative investigation was made on the ingredient in this trial colloid, but the principal ingredient in negative colloid could not be made clear yet.
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  • Ecological Study on the Tea Red Spider Mite (Part 5)
    On the Hibernation
    Masaru OSAKABE
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 18-24
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_18
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    Studies were made on the field ecology of the tea red spider mite (Tetranyehus kanzawai Kisama), during the winter of 1958-59 at the tea gardens in Shizuoka district.
    1. The warm tea garden was suitable for the hibernation of the mites, and they hibernated on the leaves of both young and mature tea plants, but not on the defoliated leaves.
    2. The mite population in winter, was higher on the foliage of lower or inner sides of tea bush than other places. The mites usually lived on the under side of the leaves, and many were found on the near partof the mid rib. The leaves on which they lived curved downwards and the depressions were seen at the center of the foliages.
    3.They spent winter in adult female form. The color of the adult female became dark red to cinnaber toward winter, and this cinnaber females did not lay eggs.
    4.It was seemed that the mite commenced hibernation from the middle or end of October to the beginning of November, and began to work from the end of January to the beginning or middle of February.
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  • Studies on the Specific Manufacturing Procedure of Tea Varieties for Sentya (Part 1)
    Survey of the Propertiesof Stenya Made with the Leaves of Several Tea Varieties
    Kenji UENO, Harukichi SUGIYAMA, Hiroshi SAITÔ, Gengorô IWA ...
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 24-34
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_24
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    1. In order to establish the suitable manufacturing procedure of several tea varieties for Sentya, the characteristics of sentya made with eleven varieties as well as the behaviour of these varieties in the manufacturing process were investigated from 1949 to 1958.
    2. It was recognized that these varieties could be separated into two groups, one type of which showed much more excellent quality on the first crop than the second and third crop, but other type had no remarkable difference among each. season, and four varieties of Yabukita, Asatsuyu, S6, U9 which belonged to the former type had superior quality for sentya.
    3. The color of green leaf which was indicated by B/R of Lovibond Tintometer was closely correlated to the ranking of tea color by the sensory test, but B/R did not show the specific tone of tea color.
    4. A high correlation existed between total nitrogen and sensory estimation of qualities of tea, and between soluble nitrogen and (sensory estimation of tea) taste respectively.
    5. Concerning with the behaviour of these varieties in steaming process and primary heating and rolling process, the loss of weight of tea leaves after the primary heating and rolling process affected the qualities of tea on the case of four varieties of Yabukita, U9, Tamamidori, S 6, but steaming period had no relation to the quality of tea except one variety of S 6,
    6. As the investigation of these eleven varieties ended except the examination of manufacturing process, this research will be continued with newly selected varieties on the characteristics of sentya manufactured from each variety.
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  • Studies on the Tamaryokutya for Export (Part 2)
    Kenji UENO, Hiroshi SAITÔ, Fumio OKADA, Shûichi FUKATSU
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 35-40
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_35
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    1. In order to clear the actual condition of tamaryokutya for export, the qualities and chemical constituents of three China crude teas, five Japan refined teas, three Viet-Nam crude teas and five Japan crude teas (made in this Station) were investigated.
    2. The qualities of these samples were examined by ordinary method of testing, and it was recognized that Japan teas generally had green color and thin liquor and taste compared with China and Viet-Nam teas.
    3. Concerning with the chemical constituents of these samples, total-N. had no distinct difference among them. except Japan gun-powder and chum-mee of Shiro Brand, but soluble N. tannin and hot water extract were richer in Viet-Nam teas and crude ash and alkalinity of ash were poorer in Japan teas than in others.
    4. On the relation of qualities of Yonkontya and content of pectin and total-N. significant correlations existed between the ranking of liquor, aroma and teste by sensory test and total pectin, and between the ranking of appearance and aroma by sensory test and total-N. respectively, but it seemed that further examination was needs on the results of total pectin.
    5. Although Japan refined teas for export were more improved since the late survey, it was necessary to pluck tea leaf on younger stage, and to improve the qualities of green leaf itself.
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  • Studies on the Withering-machine
    Hiroshi KATÔ, Atsushi KUBOTA, Katsuhiro NARUTOMI, Eiji SUZUKI, H ...
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 41-47
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_41
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    A tea withering machine of rotary throughflow dryer type was designed and constracted as shown in Fig. 1.
    The effects of various factors on the withering rate were investigated.
    The effects of charge (F: kg. (green leaves)) and air rate (G: kg./hr.) on the withering rate (W: kg. (water/hr.)) were expressed by the following equation,
    W=α F0.5G1.5
    The coefficient α was affected by air temperature. The qualities of black tea made by this withering machine were compared with those of the standard method. And it was proved that the tea made by this withering machine had the, same qualities as those of standard method, when withering conditions were as fallows.
    air temperature 40°C.
    air rate 2000 kg./hr.
    charge of green leaves 30 kg.
    rotation 2 r.p.m.
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  • Study on the Brewing Conditions of Black Tea
    Yoshio KUWABARA, Masao MATSUDA, Tadakazu TAKEO
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 48-60
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_48
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    The extracted amount of the tannin, soluble nitrogen and soluble matter and the concentration of the tea infusion were examined under the different brewing conditions of black. tea.
    During the period of brewing, the hotter the water, the more the extracted tannin, soluble nitrogen and soluble matter from the leaf. And the longer the period of brewing, the more the extracted soluble substances.
    The tea infusions grew stronger liquors by hotter and longer brewing, but the liquor of low grade tea became duller in colour.
    As the results of these experiments, the suitable brewing conditions were supposed to be about 90°C.: 5 minutes or 100°C.: 2-3 minutes.
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  • Moisture Measurement of Tea-Leaves
    Atsushi KUBOTA, Hiroshi TAKIYA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 60-64
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_60
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    On the moisture measurement of tea leaves, the effect of drying temperature on the observed value of leaf moisture, and the relation between the increment size and the coefficient of variation of moisture level were investigated.
    A linear regression was existed between the drying temperature and the observed value of leaf moisture, and its regression coefficient was about 0.2.
    When the increment size was small, the observed value of leaf moisture fluctuated in a wide range, so the increment had to be taken more than 10g.
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  • Studies on Nutrient Deficiencies in Tea Plant (Part 2)
    Effect of Nutrient Deficiencies on Mineral Contents in Tea Leaf
    Sôgo KAWAI, Kôzô ISHIGAKI, Hiroji TAKAYANAGI
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 65-68
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_65
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    The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiencies on the mineral content in the tea plant was investigated by sand culture method.
    The results were summarized as follows.
    1. The same deficiency symptons in every nutrient were observed as reported in the previous paper by water culture.
    2. The mineral content not supplied in the culture media decreased in the tea plant, and this deficiency influenced upon the uptake of other mineral nutrient. This tendency wasremarkable in the N-deficient plot, in which some mineral nutrients other than nitrogen were abnormally accumulated in the leaves at the beginning of the experiment, but after, 3 years at the end of it these minerals remarkably decreased.
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  • Effects of Saturation Degree of Calcium and Nitrogenous Fertilizers on the Behaviour of Phosphates in the Tea Soil
    Sôgo KAWAI, Kenjirô IKEGAYA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 69-75
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_69
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    The effects of saturation degree of calcium and nitrogenous fertilizers on the dissolution of phosphates in the tea soil weve investigated.
    The absorption of phosphorus in yellow, brown, and black tea soils on Makinohara plateau at various pH values was determined by M. SHIOIRI's method.
    The absorption of phosphorus of the 3 types of tea soils remarkably increased with decreasing pH from 7.0 to 3.0.
    Monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate were supplied to yellow and black soils at the rate of 1.0 g. P2O5/100 g. in yellow soils and 1.5 g. P2O5/100 g. in black soils with various saturation degrees. of calcium (2.3, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125%), and these soils were incubated under upland soil condition for 2 months.
    The phosphats of these soils soluble in 0.002 N sulphuric acid (pH: 3.0), 1 % ammonium sulphate (pH: 5.55), 0.8% ammonium chloride (pH: 5.4), and 0.6o ammonium nitrate (pH: 5.5) solutions were determined after incubation.
    The soluble phosphates eluted into these solutions were increased with increasing saturation degree of calcium, but those of black soils were exceedingly little, and the effect of saturation degree of calcium upon the eluted phosphate was not observed in the dipotassium phosphate plot of black soil.
    The order of solubility of these phosphates in 0.002N sulphuric acid solution was as follows: dicalcium phosphate>dipotassium phosphate>diammonium phosphate>mono-calcium phosphate in yellow soil and dicalcium phosphate>monocalcium phosphate=dipotas-sium phosphate=diammonium phosphate in black soil.
    The order of soluvency of 1% ammonium sulphate, 0.8% ammonium chloride and 0.6% ammonium nitrate solution to the supplied phosphates was as follows : ammonium sul-phate>ammonium chloride> ammonium nitrate in yellow soil and ammonium sulphate>ammonium nitrate>ammonium chloride in black soil.
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  • Relation Between the Soil Structure and the Growth of Tea Plant (Part 1)
    The Structure of Tea Soils
    Sôgo KAWAI, Noboru MORITA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 76-79
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_76
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    In order to know the effects of tea cultivation on the soil structure, the physical properties of Makinohara diluvial upland soils were studied.
    The accumulation of clay fraction was found in the tea sub-soil but not found in the uncultivated soil. It seemed that the aggregate of tea soil was broken and the clay fraction was made movable by tea cultivation.
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  • Soil Profile of High-and Low-Productive Tea Gardens (Preliminary Report)
    On the Tea Soil of Southern Haibara-gun Shizuoka-ken
    Sôgo KAWAI, Noboru MORITA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 80-86
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_80
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    The tea soils of southern Haibara-gun, Shizuoka-ken were surveyed and the relation between the general characters of these soils and the growth of tea plant was investigated.
    According to the results, suitable methods for improving the tea soils of this district were suggested.
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  • The Characteristics of Tea Soils (Part 5)
    Mineral Compositions of Makinohara Diluvial Upland Soils
    Tomoji EGAWA, Sôgo KAWAI, Noboru MORITA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 87-90
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_87
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    The mineral compositions of tea soil on the diluvial upland of Makinohara (Shizuoka-ken) were examined.
    The primary minerals in fine sand fraction were consisted of quartz, feldspars, plant-opal, volcanic glass and chert fragments, which have resistibility to chemical weathering.
    The compositions in clay size fraction of tea soils were consisted of. the following minerals; much of kaolin, a little of quartz, and least of vermiculite and gibbsite, all of which were observed by X-ray diffraction and electron-micrograph.
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  • The Characteristics of Tea Soils (Part 6)
    On the Volcanic Ash Soil of the Fuji District, Shizuoka-ken (No.1)
    Sôgo KAWAI, Noboru MORITA
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages 91-93
    Published: November 30, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_91
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    The characteristics of tea soils derived from volcanic ash in Fuji district, Shizuoka-ken were researched. The profile of the sample soils was as follows.
    Layer No. Depth(c.m.) Characteristics
    I 0-20 Brownish black sandy loam, rich in humus, soft and mellow, fine granular structure.
    II 20-50 Dark brown sandy loam, rich in humus, slightly compact.
    III 50- Layer of lapillus.
    These soils were characterized by strongly acid reaction and extremely low base status throughout the profile. The degree of base saturation in the tea soils was less than 8 per cent and considerable amounts of free alumina and free iron were found in these soils.
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1a
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1a
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1b
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1b
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1c
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1c
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1d
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1d
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1e
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1e
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  • ERRATUM
    1959 Volume 1959 Issue 14 Pages e1f
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5979/cha.1959.14_e1f
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