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Volume 1985, Issue 62
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yoriyuki NAKAMURA1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 1-7
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clearify the differentiation of roots in tissue culture of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze.), the effects of origin of explants and its varietal difference were investigated.
1) In the calluses derived from segments of the stems, roots, leaves and cotyledons, the differentiation rate of roots per each callus was 51%, 44%, 29% and 0%, respectively.
2) The differentiation rate and number of roots per callus on stem segments obtained from autum-grown new shoots were 4.84% and 0.11 in first internode, 25.17-27.48% and 0.45-0.58 in under internode.
3) The differentiation rate of roots per callus on stem segment of new shoots in the first crop season was 75%, that was about three times as high as that of in the third crop season or the fourth crop season. The differentiation number of roots per callus was 3.18 in the first crop season, 0.35 in the fourth crop season. And it was considered the positive correlation in between the differentiation rate and number of roots from each callus.
4) In the stem segments of eighteen cultivars obtained from the first crop season, calluses were initiated at 7 days and roots were observed at about 10 days after begining of the culture. And, after 90 days in culture, remarkable varietal differences were observed in both the differentiation rate and number of roots per callus. The cultivars of 'Da-Yeh-Oolong', 'Yabukita', 'Ooiwase' and 'Kanayamidori' showed high differentiation rate and number of roots per callus (89.1-100.0%, 3.51-10.32), while 'Fujimidori', 'Yamatomidori' and 'Ace 137' showed low differentiation rate and number of roots per callus (8.5-9.7%, 0.14-0.25).View full abstractDownload PDF (1566K) -
Hitoshi OKAI, Hisashi IWASAKI, Teruhisa YOSHIDA, Masashi HIRANO1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 9-13
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMotodashi-Motoyose, furrow application of fertilizer, has been prevailing in tea gardens for Gyokuro and Tencha in Kyoto prefectute for a long time.
It has been known that Motodashi-Motoyose induces the cutting of tea root system, because it is usually done in autumn when tea root system is growing vigorously.
The effect of Motodashi-Motoyose on the growth of tea shoots was examined on the hand plucking garden.
1) When Motodashi was done in early autumn, the growth of tea shoots in that year was depressed and the number of shoots sprouted after Bangari in next summer was reduced. Therefore, it was considered that the suitable time of Motodashi was in mid autumn, as it being done traditionally.
2) Deep-Motodashi depressed the growth of tea shoots and reduced the number of shoots sprouted in next summer after Bangari without the relation of the time of Motodashi.
3) In the gardens where Motodashi-Motoyose was applied annually, the number and the size of mature shoots became fewer and larger than those in the normal garden. The former had a significant correlation with the yeild of green leaves.
As the results, the yield of green leaves was reduced, while the quality of made tea was improved.
From these results, it was thought that the traditional Motodashi-Motoyose had been a technique to make large mature shoots and it improved the quality of made tea in result although it reduced the yeild of the green leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Tsuguo HOSHINA, Nobuo KOSUGE1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 14-17
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe primary assimilation of ammonium nitrogen by the root of tea plant and the translocation of the nitrogen into the aerial part were examined using 15N-labelled material.
Glutamine was enormously accumlated in the root applied the nitrogen. The amide group of the glutamine was labelled higher than the amino group of that, although labelled in the both groups. This indicates that the incorporation of ammonia into glutamine in tea root has been carried out by the enzyme glutamine synthetase preferentially. On the other hand, theanine in the root was labelled much lower than glutamine. The concentrations of the two amides in xylem sap increased after the nitrogen application, compared with other free amino acids. In particular, glutamine concentration rapidly increased to a great extent.
The results indicated that ammonia was primarily assimilated into glutamine by tea root, and then nitrogenous compounds including the amide mainly were translocated into the aerial part in xylem sap of tea plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
Katsuji YOSHIDA, Osamu SHIREI1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 18-28
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil samples weretaken from sandy and clayey soils for 2 years, to investigate seasonal variation in amounts and forms of nitrogen.
Amounts of NH4-N increased after manuring in early spring and reached a maximum value in early summer (July). Amounts of NO3-N showed a typical seasonal variation which has two peaks of the amount in early summer and late autumn. These seasonal variations were more distinguished in sandy soil than in clayey soil.
The amouhts of NH4-N in sandy soil were influenced by rainfall after manuring. Under low rainfall depth, the amounts of NH4-N showed higher values than those under high rainfall depth, while in clayey soil the effect of rainfall depth was negligible. The amounts of NO3-N showed higher values in sandy soil than those in clayey soil.
The amounts of NH4-N and NO3-N were investigated by changing soil types, amount of supplied manure, application ratios of manure in a year and the kinds of manure.
The amounts of both NH4-N and NO3-N were higher in both soils on the plot supplied high amounts of manure than those of low amounts. The amounts of NH4-N were higher in both soils on the plot of high ratio of manure in spring than those of low ratio in spring under low rainfall depth. The amounts of NH4-N were lower in sandy soil on the plot of organic manure in spring, but higher in early summer than those of inorganic manure under low rainfall depth.
The growth and nitrogen contents in tea shoots were investigated by changing above-mentioned methods of manuring.
The nitrogen contents were higher in tea shoots grown in sandy soil than those in clayey soil. The growth rates and nitrogen contents of tea shoots showed higher levels on the plots supplied high amounts of manure, high ratio of manure in spring and organic manure than those of low amount, low ratio in spring and inorganic manure.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Masaru OSAKABE1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 29-39
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe species of insects and tea insect pests caught by a light trap were surveyed from 1947 to 1979 by using a blueness fluorescent light trap set on the tea field of our research institute. The results obtained are as follows :
1) From the results obtained from 1951 to 1960 survey, the number of caught insects was counted about one hundred thousand in a year in average, however, about 80% of these insects belonged to the order of lepidoptera.
2) 186 species of insects were confirmed among the caught insects, but the number of these insects were nothing but the one half of total number of caught insects.
3) 31 species of tea insect pests trapped by the surveys during 1947 to 1979. There names are as follows ; that is, Holochlora japonica, Plautiastali, Lygocoris spinorai, Empoasca onukii, Geisha distinctissima, Spilosoma imparilis, Agrotis segetum, Spodoptera litura, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, E. subflava, Jankowskia athleta, Peristygis charon, Ascotis selenaria, Biston robustum, Megabiston plumosaria, Odontopera arida, Microleon longipalpis, Monema flavescens, Phrixolepia sericea, Zeuzera leuconotum, Claniaformosicola, C. miuuscula, Herculia pelasgaris, Stemmatophora valida, Tamraca torridalis, Cerace xanthocosma, Adoxophyes sp., Homona magnanima, Caloptilia theivora, Heptophylla picea and Anomala rufocuprea.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Masaru OSAKABE1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 40-45
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYearly changes of the number of tea insect pest adults caught by a light trap during 1947 to 1979 were examined with the results of previous report (Osakabe:1985) which investigated on the species of insects and tea insect pest adults caught by a blueness fluorescent light trap set on the tea field of our institute.
1) Among 31 species of tea insect pest adults caught by a light trap, the numbers of Lygocoris spinolai, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, Jankowskia athleta, Megabiston plumosaria, Odontopera arida, Microleon longipalpis, Phrixolepia sericea, Zeuzera leuconotum and Tamraca torridalis decreased gradually after the 1950 or the first half of 1960, then the adults had not been caught nearly at the 1970.
2) The number of Caloptilia theivora increased suddenly from the 1950 to the 1960, however, the number of this species showed a decreasing tendency after the middle of 1960.
3) The numbers of Ascotis selenaria and Adoxophyes sp. decreased at the 1960 for a while, but the numbers of these species increased once more at the latter half of 1970.
4) The number of Homona magnanima increased gradually since the 1960.
5) Long term changes of the numbers of other 18 species of tea insect pest adults were not clear, because the examination had been done a short duration for the some species or the caught number was counted very few at the other species.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Testuzo HAMAMURA1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 46-51
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSusceptibilities of many populations of the kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai collected from tea fields to cyhexatin (prictran) were determined by the spray technique in a laboratory.
1. In LC50 studies, the highest resistant population collected from Shimada, Shizuoka prefecture showed resistance factor of 73 compared with the susceptible population collected from Akune, Kagoshima pref. Cyhexatin seemed to be no practical effect to the Shimada population in tea field.
2. Judging from the mortality tests by the spray of cyhexatin 4000 folds solution (62.5 ppm), the resistance of the kanzawa spider mite to cyhexatin was remarkable in the prefectures of Shizuoka, Kyoto and Hukuoka. Also in many of the other prefectures the falls of susceptibility to cyhexatin were recongnized partialy.
3. Some acaricides and organophosphorus insecticides such as polynactin complex and BPMC, dicofol, methidathion, prothiofos, and naled were effective to the adult females of the resistant spider mite to cyhexatin.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Tomohiro HORIKAWA1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 52-54
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using a small-sized power sprayer (power spray:ARIMITU CS-10K) and a power sprayer drivel battery (battery sprayer:TOSHIBA GARDEN SPRAYER EH-15), the eftect of spray pressure on the contral of Gray blight was studied.
Two fungicides, chlorothalonil (75% WP, dilu-tion:1/600) and captafol (80% WP, 1/2000) were sprayed 200 litres per 10 a. to tea bushes within a few hour after the artficially inoculation of Pestalotia longiseta SPEGAZZINI. The discharge rates of the power sprayer and the battery sprayer were 4.76l/min and 0.29 1/min, respectively.The spray pressures on an area of 5×5 cm at a distance of 30 cm from nozzle of a sprayer were 159g in the power sprayer and 2g in the battery sprayer.
In the application of chlorothalonil, the number of diseased leaves was significantly fewer in the power sprayer than in the battery sprayer. On the case of captafol, the power sprayer also showed the effective control on Gray blight.View full abstractDownload PDF (165K) -
Makoto OHTAISHI, Tomohiro HORIKAWA1985 Volume 1985 Issue 62 Pages 55-57
Published: December 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimultaneous communication disruption for suppression of the smaller tea tortorix moth, Adoxophyes sp., and the tea tortorix moth Homona magnanima with (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the common pheromonal component of the two species, was conducted for 2 year (1983-1984) on 5-ha nonisolated commercial tea fields. Rate of evaporation was 2.5 to 13.7 g/day/ha. Inhibition rate of male attraction, which was monitored with pheromone traps, was high ranging 98.2 to 99.3% for Adoxophyes and 99.5 to 99.96% for Homona. Mating of females of Adoxophyes and Homona in the pheromone-treated fields were reduced 32.0-39.2% and 26.5-66.2% from those of control fields, respectively. in the 1 st year, the density of the overwintering larvae of Adoxophyes in the treated field was reduced to 17.8% of that of the control fields and 56.4% in the 2nd year. And those of Homona were 32.9% and 7.4% respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (195K)
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