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Volume 1993, Issue 78
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yoshiyuki TAKEDA, Kosei WADA, Atsushi NESUMI1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 1-9
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFoliar applied plant growth regulators, uniconazole (S-07) and paclobutrazol (PP 333), promoted the formation of flower bud in tea plants.
Optimum concentrations for the formation of flower bud were from 25 to 100 ppm in S-07, and from 500 to 2, 000 ppm in PP 333. Effective times of application were in the middle of May to the first decade of July. In case of the applications before the middle of June, time of full bloom was early in October, which was same as no treatment. When both chemicals were applied on June 25 and July 10, full blooms were observed in late October and in early November, respectively.
Elongation of new shoots was suppressed by the chemicals. The higher the concentration of the chemicals and the later the time of application became, the less the new shoots grew until late autumn. Application of S-07 at 150 ppm, and PP 333 at more than 4, 000 ppm markedly delayed the bud opening in the next spring.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Yoshiyuki TAKEDA, Kosei WADA, Atsushi NESUMI, Toshio TAKYU1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 11-21
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExamination of pubescence of young leaf was made on tea clones collected from China (270 clones), Japan (1, 241 clones), Taiwan (73 clones), India (567 clones) and other tea producing countries (295 clones).
Twentythree patterns were classified based on width, length, density and distribution of leaf hair.
As a whole, China tea clones belonging to var. sinesis showed narrower variation than Assam tea clones belonging to var, assamica. China tea clones had long hairs of high density distribution on entire surface of leaf. On the other hand, Assam tea clones had short hairs and medium/low density with limited distribution on the inner part of leaf lamina near to midrib.
Only tea clones from Darjeeling in India, belonging to var. sinensis according to their small leaf, did not show the typical pattern of pubescence similar to China tea clones. This would suggest some influence by var. assamica on their pubescence pattern.
Taiwan tea clones (Taiwan-Yamacha) had absolutely no hair on their young leaves. At present, Taiwan tea clones are included in var. assamica. But their pubescence patterns were revealed great difference with true pattern of var. assamica.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Toru KUBOI, Reiko TERAO1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 23-27
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for isolating palisade and spongy parenchyma, upper and lower epidermis, and vascular tissues from tea leaves was established. Leaf pieces were incubated with a hypertonic medium containing Macerozyme and Pectolyase at room temperature for 1 hr (young leaves) to 10 hr (old leaves). The leaf pieces were separated into upper and lower epidermis and vascular tissues. Mesophyll cells adhered to these tissues were released by soft brushing : Palisade and spongy cells were isolated from upper epidermis and the other two parts, respectively. Most of the isolated cells were morphologically intact. Based on 1 g of fresh leaf, mean number of cells contained in the fractions of upper and lower epidermis, and palisade and spongy cells were 10, 9, 5, 23 and 26 millions, respectively. Purity of the palisade and spongy fractions were 90 - 98 %. The epidermal fractions were practically pure. Concerning to the vascular fraction, bundle sheath cells could not be distin-guished from mesophyll cells contaminated to this fraction. The estimated number of chloroplast containing cells in the vascular fraction was 8 ⋅ 106/g.View full abstractDownload PDF (1690K) -
Tetsuhisa GOTO, Hideki HORIE, Toshihiro MUKAI1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 29-35
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven major amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, glutamine, arginine and theanine, were analyzed in seven different types of green teas that were prized at a national tea competition. The average contents of theanine, the major amino acid in tea, were about 3 % by weight throughout the seven types of teas. The contents of arginine were varied depending on cultivar and type of tea. The average content of arginine in Ten-cha was more than 2 % by weight ; however, the contents in Kabuse-cha and Mushisei-tamaryoku-cha were less than 1 %. In the case of Gyokuro, the average arginine content produced by using 'Yabukita' was less than half of that produced by using other cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Osamu SUMIKAWA, Hitoshi YOSHITOMI1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 37-46
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquilibrium moisture content of tea seed, both of cotyledon and seedcoat, were measured at temperatures of about 20, 30, 40, and 50°C and at the six levels of relative humidity from 11 % to 85 %. Five equilibrium moisture content equations (BET, Modified-Oswin, Modified-Halsey, Modified-Henderson and Chung -Phost) were evaluated for their ability to fit to the data. It was found that the Modified-Halsey equation shows the best fit for cotyledon and the Modified-Oswin equation for seedcoat.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
Takayuki NAKANO, Hiroshi TANI, Naofumi WATANABE, Tetsuya IWASE1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 47-52
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of time of autumn skiffing on the growth of winter bud and new shoot of the 1 st crop were examined. In tea bush where the 3 rd crop had not been plucked, more lateral buds compared to apical buds were recognized on the canopy surface after the autumn skiffing. Both the lateral and apical buds continued to grow until early December. However, the lateral buds were continuously smaller than the apical buds. The earlier the time of skiffing, the larger buds and the more leaf primordia were produced until the winter. The growth of the new shoot of 1 st flush was also superior as the time of autumn skiffing was earlier. Thus, well -developed winter buds brought about the rapid growth of the new shoot of 1 st flush. These trends were more marked on the lateral buds. The present results indicated that the time of autumn skiffing would have more influence on the growth of the new shoot of 1 st flush when the 3 rd crop had not been plucked.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Hideki HORIE, Toshihiro MUKAI, Tetsuhisa GOTO, Mitoshi GONDA, Michio K ...1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 53-60
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFlow injection analysis was combined with enzyme sensors for rapid measurement of tea constituents. In this device, glutamic acid and total amino acids in tea infusions which were injected from an injection valve were determined by glutamate sensor and amino acid sensor, respectively. Glutamate sensor was consisted of glutamate oxidase immobilized membrane and an oxygen electrode, and amino acid sensor was consisted of L-amino acid oxidase immobilized membrane and an oxygen electrode. The concentrations of these two components could be determined simultaneously at two minutes' intervals by the device. Values obtained by the device were highly correlated with those determined by high performance liquid chromatography.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Toshio HARA, Shuichi FUKATSU, Kazuo INA1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 61-65
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAroma components were compared between 'Kukicha (stalk green tea)' and 'Sencha (green tea)' by gas chromatography and gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy. Major chemical components in tea infusion from those teas were also anaylzed by 13C-NMR spectrum.
The results showed that Kukicha contained more linalool and geraniol than Sencha but less nerolidol, indole and (z)-jasmone. Catechins, caffeine and sucrose were less, although theanine and potassium guinate were more in Kukicha than Sencha.View full abstractDownload PDF (227K) -
Namiko IKEDA, Hideki HORIE, Toshihiro MUKAI, Tetsuhisa GOTO1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 67-75
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContent of individual free amino acids in the plucked shoot of first and autumn flushes was compared among tea cultivars.
Contents of the amino acids in the first flush were higher than those in autumn flush.
Theanine was the major amino acid in the first and autumn flushes of all cultivars. The content in the first flush was in the range from 6.19 to 30.70 mg/g, and that in the autumn flush was 2.00 to 15.03 mg/g.
Content of arginine in the first flush was in the range from 0.36 to 8.75 mg/g, and that in the autumn flush was 0.08 to 1.87 mg/g. Difference of arginine content between the first and autumn flushes or among the cultivars was larger than the other amino acids. Assam hybrid was poor in arginine. Leading cultivar for green tea 'Yabukita' and cultivars for Gyokuro or Ten-cha were rich in arginine.
Content of arginine or ratio of arginine to tannin in the first flush would be a good indicator for the selection of promising lines.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
Masataka YAMASHITA1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 77-89
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1643K) -
1993 Volume 1993 Issue 78 Pages 91-94
Published: December 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (161K)
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