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Volume 2002, Issue 94
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Ikuo WATANABE, Shinichi TOKUDA, Kunihiko NONAKA2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 1-6
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive-year-old 'Yabukita' Tea (Cameria sinensis L.) plants were transplanted into 3.5m3 lysimeter tanks and fertilized at two N rates after four months and nutrients leaching were measured following two years. N application rates were 30kgN and 50kgN. The last year fertilized with 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate (10.2atom%). Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water increased with N rate and exceeded 10mg/liter for trees receiving the high rate. Leaching loss rate at 30kgN/10a was 9% and at 50kgN/10a was 31%.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
Masaki TSUJI, Akimitsu KANADA2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 7-14
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a method of effective fertilizer application under the canopy, the distribution characteristics of the rainwater that falls under the canopy of the tea plant were examined.
A large quantity of rainwater fell partially to one spot under the canopy. However, only a small quantity of rainwater fell at many other places. Approximately the same quantity of water as rainfall was gathered evenly at the spaces between hedges. Also, the quantity of rainwater near the hedge never increased to the amount of rainfall. The spot where much water fell was shaped like a part of a branch was sticking out below. Therefore, it is thought that the rainwater that fell to the canopy surface centered on this part along the branch. Such distribution characteristics of the rainwater that falls under the canopy were the same in suite of bush formation and the amount of rainfall.
Also, it was found that about 40 percent of the rainwater that fell to the canopy surface streamed down to the bottom of the stump concentrically.
In conclusion, it was found that the distribution characteristics of the rainwater that falls under the canopy in tea fields were very much local. And it was expected that the movement of fertilizer components depend on the place greatly.View full abstractDownload PDF (3730K) -
Shoichi GOTO2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 15-28
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out in order to re-use weed-tree branches, which had been felled in tea fields under development and then chipped with a branch slashing, as organic materials in the soil of tea field. Discussion was made on a method of utilizing the chipped weed-tree branches as mulch in newly developed tea fields and a method of utilizing a mixture of the chipped weed-tree branches with livestock feces as compost.
1.The chipped weed-tree branches were applied to space between hedges on fields in the first year after planting. Thus, growth of weeds was markedly regulated in the areas with an application doses of over 30m3/10a of the chipped weed-tree branches. The physical properties of the soil were improved by the mulch and thus the surface soil could be kept relatively soft. Moreover, the soil temperature was seemed to be stable. The areas applied by weed-tree branches were superior to the non-applied area in growth and yield. In the application range of 20m3 to 50m3/10a, 30m3 area was seemed more effective.
2.When the compost prepared by mixing the chipped weed-tree branches with swine feces was applied to furrow trenches at planting, the areas applied by weed-tree branches were superior to the non-applied area in growth and yield. In the application range of 2.5t to 12.5t/10a, the area of 5t application was superior in growth and yield. While in the condition of over 7.5t application, the pH value of soil was about 6.0, relatively higher.View full abstractDownload PDF (3208K) -
Masakazu SHIWA, Kiyoo YOSHIZAWA, Takuya MARUMOTO2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 29-36
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTea field in red and yellow soil was examined in order to measure microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soils applied cow manure compost successively, cow manure compost once for all and inorganic fertilizer, and their turnover rate of nitrogen. At the same time physical and chemical character and change of microbial number were examined.
When cow manure compost had been applied successively for five years, the difference in amount of organic carbon and cation exchange capacity was recognized evidently between soil applied cow manure compost successively and soil applied inorganic fertilizer. Number of bacteria and actinomycetes detected by dilution -plate method increased largely in soil applied cow manure compost successively. Biomass carbon in soil applied cow manure compost successively changed by 3 to 5 times the level when it was compared with soil applied inorganic fertilizer, and biomass carbon in soil applied rapeseed meal changed by their middle level. From consideration of them, it was suggested that amount of applied available carbon determined microbial increase considerably.
It was assumed that biomass in soil applied cow manure compost successively for six years kept 8.4kg nitrogen•10a-1 from 0 to 20cm deep, 5.7kg nitrogen in soil applied cow manure compost once for all and 5.1kg nitrogen in soil applied inorganic fertilizer. And their turnover rate of biomass nitrogen were 0.85, 0.66 and 0.57year-1, respectively. So it was assumed that their biomass released 7.1, 3.8 and 2.9kg nitrogen per year, respectively.
If tea plants absorb 30kg nitrogen•10a-1 including soil available nitrogen 15kg, 47% of soil available nitrogen absorbed by tea plants and 24% of amount of nitrogen absorbed by them come from biomass in soil applied cow manure compost successively.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Mari MAEDA-YAMAMOTO, Satoshi SUNADA, Akiko HASHIMOTO-OHTA, Akinori SAT ...2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 37-44
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn treatment for cancer, it is important to inhibit cancer metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the process of cancer invasion and metastasis. On the other hand, the inhibition of MMPs production from synovial cell is essential to the prophylactic treatment of rheumatoid disease. In this paper, we developed a micro-plate assay for MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinase/collagenase) activities to screen for antirheumatoid disease or anti-metastatic agents in tea leaves. This method is developed into the sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using avidin-biotin high affinity system and takes only five hours to measure MMPs activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Akira SAKAMOTO, Muneyuki NAKAGAWA, Hironari SUGIYAMA, Hideki HORIE2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 45-55
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConcentration of four major catechins, caffeine and six major amino acids dissolved in the infusions of Sencha were analyzed.
The four major catechins were (-)-epicatechin(EC), (-)-epigallocatechin(EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCg) and six major free amino acids were theanine, glutamic acid, arginine, asparatic acid, glutamine and serine.
The infusions were prepared in the usual drinking manners by infusing Sencha three times with 50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 90°C water, for 60 seconds for first infusion and for 10 seconds each for second and third infusions, respectively, excepting free amino acids with 90°C.
Increases were observed in the concentration of both catechins and caffeine as the infusing temperatures rose.
Among catechins, EGC and EC were found comparatively soluble, dissolving rapidly in 50°C water. EGCg and ECg, however, were hardly soluble in 50°C water but became soluble to certain degree in 90°C water.
Caffeine was soluble in some degree even in 50°C water and its overall solubility was close to that of free type catechins.
With the exception of arginine, the major free amino acids were rapidly dissolved in the first and second infusions.
At the same time, analysis was performed on the concentration of the four major catechins, caffeine, six major free amino acids, pectins, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosporic acid dissolved in the infusions of Sencha which were prepared in a special method by infusing with 5°C water for 10 minutes for the first infusion, 50°C water for 1 minute for the second infusion and 95°C water for 1 minute for the third infusion.
In this analysis, concentration of pectins generally decreased with the progress of infusion regardless of their types, whether they are soluble in water, in salt solution or hydrochloric acids.
Concentration of potassium, magnesium and phosphoric acid also decreased gradually with the progress of infusion, while calcium concentrations in the third infusion was a little higher than that in the first and second infusions. Thus, it was presumed that the rich sweetness and "umami" of the first infusion were attributable to the high concentration of amino acids and pectins, while strong bitterness of the third infusion to the high level of concentrations of gallates.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Namiko IKEDA2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 56-59
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirteen tea clones, including ten Korean local tea plants, which have flowers with salmon pink filaments were found in germplasm of the National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science. Ten plants out of 13 clones were collected from the precincts of 5 temples in Korea. It is thought that this flower type is a sort of genetic characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1444K) -
Hideki HORIE, Mari MAEDA-YAMAMOTO, Tomomi UJIHARA, Katsunori KOHATA2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 60-64
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficient and safe methods were investigated to extract catechins, strictinin and caffeine from tea leaves. The highest extraction rate was achieved using the following method; (1) powdered tea leaves were suspended in 2% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, (2) the same volume of ethanol was added to the suspension, (3) the suspension was incubated at 30°C for more than 40 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
Masatoshi MOCHIZUKI2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 65-78
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1962K) -
2002 Volume 2002 Issue 94 Pages 79-83
Published: December 31, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (280K)
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