GIS has very wide application fields in public services, industries and lives. Since GIS deals with geographic entities, map information is the core. The map information which are commonly used in many GIS is the information for social infrastructure. The activities of GSI (Geographical Survey Institute), are to prepare necessary map information and to establish technical standards for public agencies which prepare map information. The map information prepared by GSI, technical standard for geographic information and three dimensional map data as related research activities are introduced here.

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In this paper, we discuss about the information contained on a geologic map as a typical example of the geologic information, and evaluate the difficulties encountered in construction the geologic map on GIS. We also outline the need for the development of an Earth Information System (EIS) that can handle the geologic information in its true sense.
A geologic map represents three dimensional distribution of geologic bodies and allied information. Construction of 3D distribution of geologic bodies has been made possible using geologic function g of the CIGMA system. The allied information include relational information such as the stratigraphy and structure that are derived from geologic knowledge. These relational information provides fundamental topological information for drawing a geologic map. However, these stratigraphical and structural relations comprise very complex and specialized information. Furthermore, the problems constructing the geologic map are mainly caused by the following; a) the data for drawing the geologic map are not standardized, b) the inference process for transforming data to map is complex and is not represented as a formula, c) subjective judgments based on the knowledge of the geologist are involved. These problems and inherent characteristics of the relational information add to the difficulty of constructing geologic map in the GIS environment.

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It is one of the most important tasks for each country to collect and analyze agricultural information in order not only to secure foods, but also to control the international trade of agricultural products. Recently, the agricultural information is collected easily and widely by applying remote sensing technologies, and is effectively maintained and analyzed by using GIS. We have applied the remote sensing and GIS technologies to evaluate the agricultural productivity in Northeastern Thailand. The technologies which have been developed in such projects should contribute to solving agricultural and food problems in the next century.

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Forecasting fishing ground is the most important for planned fishing operation. GIS is one of the most powerful tools for the purpose, but has not been applied so much. It is essential for the forecasting to treat multidimensional information of fisheries, such as condition of resources, environment of fishing ground, effect of economy, and others. The forecasting based on GIS always includes other manifold factors: for examples, a fishing ground occurs under a complicated influence between biological factors and physical and chemical environment of sea.

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The Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), an organ of the National Institute for Environmental Studies of the Environment Agency of Japan, was established in October 1990 to contribute broadly to the scientific understanding of global change, and the elucidation of and solution for our pressing environmental problems. CGER has three major activities: integration of global environmental research, management of a global environmental database, and global environmental monitoring.
The objectives of research integration are to ensure communication and networking among researchers and decision makers, to cooperate with the Research and Information Office of the Global Environment Division of the Environment Agency in coordinating scientific and socio-economic research on global change, and to cooperate in international efforts to establish a research network for global change. For the database activities, CGER is establishing a global environmental database system as well as producing and distributing UNEP/GRID environmental data sets to support environmental research and decision making. For the global environmental monitoring activities, CGER is measuring and recording data of various phenomena via long-term monitoring programs and makes these data available to interested parties both directly through the publication of data reports and also by providing our data for international data networks.
In this report, the activities of the global environmental database system and the global environmental monitoring system by CGER are introduced.

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