The vertical transition between the lithologic facies was treated as the Markov process to interpret the time-spatial change of the sedimentary sequences. An entropy analysis was conducted using the transition probability matrices of the sedimentary facies indicating the Markov process observed in the Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula. The entropy, indicating the extent of randomness, is divided into D₁-component, the amount of the difference from the state of equal probability and D₂-component, that of independence (Gatlin, 1972) .
A cluster analysis on turbidites of the Kazusa Group was also conducted using the transition probability matrices of the subdivision“a”to“e”of the Bouma sequence. According to the entropy and cluster analyses, it is clear that the model of sedimentary environments (Katsura, 1984) is fully supported. Especially, it was confirmed that there is difference in the succession of turbidites between“Upper fan”with braided-channel and“Mid-Lower fan”with distributary-channel. And further, it is suggested that erosion and resedimentation by contour currents (Ito and Aoki, 1995) affected the sedimentation in“Slope”and“Basin Plain”.

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Since the cost of transportation is more than the mining costs in resource for mass production, efficient methods of transporting, which are appropriate for individuals, are being used. Tough the amount of crushed stone produced is large, the main means for transportation of it is trucking between quarry and a place of demand, for its small lots demand. Therefore, the efficiency of trucking for crushed stone supply is an important problem with respect to the stability of cost and supply. However, the efficiency of trucking is greatly influenced by the traffic situation in individual districts, conditions of location of supply sites and the distant to the place of demand. Thus, it is difficult to clarify the optimum transportation system. A method of reducing the total time taken in trucking and of minimizing the cost was investigated by a simulation model.
The area investigated was the south of Hyogo prefecture. The large amounts of crushed stone are expected to be needed in several years because of the reconstruction work after the Hanshin earthquake in this area. It is important for the smooth implementation of the reconstruction plan to secure crushed stone and to transport it quickly. Vehicles for reconstruction work take precedence over others around the stricken areas. Despite such traffic control, serious traffic snarls occur every day. The efficiency of trucking was therefore investigated by clarifying changes in the total transporting costs and by investigating the influence of the establishment of a transit place and traffic snarls by a simulation model. Some transit places were quite effective for reducing the total time of transportation. The simulation analysis used in this study can be easily performed for other districts with same conditions.

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At present inserting color images into articles or reports is too expensive. It is useful if the color image can be converted automatically to monochromatic image on the CRT screen. Therefore, an algorithm for converting a color image to a monochromatic image with the hatch on the CRT display has been developed. This paper reports the conversion algorithm and program written in C language. This converted monochromatic image can be made into a hard copy with an dot-impact printer, and this image can be inserted into articles or reports.

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In this paper, the programming principles and Visual Basic program of the three dimensional terrain model using digital elevation data are presented. This program is implemented on a personal computer under the MS-Windows environment. As 256 colors and large-sized dimensions are available, the quality of output image is as good as that of a work station under UNIX and X-Window environment.

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