Leprosy bacilli obtained from twenty lepromatous leprosy patients were inoculated in the testis of different immunosuppressed mice. These detailed results were reported before (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). The various immunosuppressed mice were: Na¹³¹I 100μci injected mice (I-P) (4), and their offsprings (I-F) (5); ⁶⁰Co 300R irradiated mice (R-P) (6), and their offsprings (R-F) (7); Na¹³¹I 100μci injected and also ⁶⁰Co 300R irradiatiated mice during their fetus term (IR-F) (6); anti-lymphocytic serum injected mice (ALS) (8); and nude mice (BALB/c-nu/nu) (9).
Acid-fast bacilli (globi, +G) were observed in the stamp-smear samples of the in oculated site about ten months after injection. Two of the 20 strains of leprosy bacilli from the patients showed infective activity in both the immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed mice. These two strains (LL28 & LL44) were put together in a group designated "A". But the percentage of infectivity in the immunosuppressed mice was greater than that in the non-immunosuppressed mice.
Ten strains (eight in Table 3 and two in Table 6) showing multiplication of M. leprae in the immunosuppressed mice alone were put together in a group designated "B". The remaining eight strains (Table 3) which were negative in both the immuno suppressed and non-immunosuppressed mice were put together in a group designated "C". There was no relationship between the above mentioned immunosuppressed mice and the bacilli of Group A, B and C.
One strain, LL44 of Group A; two strains, LL49 and LL51 of Group B; and one strain, LL45 of Group C were pathogenic for the nude mice, but the virulence of Group C leprosy bacilli was less than that of Group A and B.

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At the clinics of Ghatampur and Etawah, established by JALMA in the early period of 1966, the number of newly registered patients had increased up to several hundreds monthly in a few years. Here is reported an analysis which was done about the chief complaints and the clinical features of the newly registered patients of Tuberculoid type in the period of April to August of 1971.
The number of Tuberculoid cases was 1, 117 and 62.2% out of total 1, 796 cases newly registered in the period. Male cases were 827 and female 290. The sex rate was 2.85:1 for T-type only and 3.45:1 for the total cases. It could be concluded that the number of female cases were more in T-type than it in other types and groups of the disease.
The chief complaints about the skin features were divided into two groups; erythe matous and hypopigmented patches. About 50% of both sexes showed the hypopigmented patches for the chief complaints. In all the cases, we could distinguish the patches clearly, and about 20% of the patients did not show the skin patches as the chief complaints but complained other symptoms; anaesthesia, deformity of the hands and so on.
Clinically, 36.0% of male and 41.4% of female cases showed the erythematous patches and all the other cases had the hypopigmented patches. Patients with several patches were observed in 12-17% of both sexes and it seemed that these cases would be included rather in Reactional Tuberculoid or Borderline-Tuberculoid. It was consid ered that some of Tuberculoid cases inclined to Borderline group along with the aging.
The result that 80% of total cases complained the skin patches would show that the patients could understand the symptoms of leprosy fairly well.
About 19% of male and 12% of female cases complained the symptoms of hypoes thesia, anaesthesia, neuralgia of the extremities and the deformity of hands. It is clearly considered that some patients of T-type accepted the symptoms due to the damage of peripheral nerves as the main signs of the disease.
Clinically, the thickness of ulnar nerve was observed most commonly in both sexes. Generally the thickness of the nerves was observed only unilaterally. In many cases, the good combination of skin patch and thickness of skin nerve was observed on the face or the extremities.
Other symptoms; plantar ulcer, burning sensation of the extremities, were showed as the chief complaints in only a few cases.
In the group of Tuberculoid patients, most people showed the skin patches as the chief complaints, and the other pepole accepted the symptoms due to peripheral nerve damage as the important signs of the disease. Here we could say that the patients had a good knowledge about the clinical features of the disease. Standing on the conclusion, we can carry out effectively the educational scheme for public health especially consider ing the early symptoms of the disease itself.

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Since 1966, JALMA (Japan Leprosy Mission for Asia) has had two out-patient clinics at Ghatampur and Etawah of Uttar Pradesh State, India. The monthly number of newly registered patients was about three hundreds at Ghatampur clinic and sixty at Etawah in those years.
Here, an analysis is done about the chief complaints and the clinical features of Borderline cases registered in the period between April and August of 1971 to understand the notion which those patients would have about the disease of leprosy. It will help us in the treatment and education for the patients.
The number of Borderline cases was 316 and 17.6% out of total 1, 796 cases. The highest peak of the patient number was observed in the age group of 20-29 in male and 40-49 in female. The age group having the highest peak was various according to the types or groups of the disease. It seemed that the type or group for each case would depend on the starting age of the disease. In childhood (0-9 age group), almost all cases were Tuberculoid.
The chief complaints about the skin features was divided into two groups; erythematous and hypopigmented patches. About 60% of total cases complained the skin patches and the chief complaint of a half number of them was erythematous patches. The features of patches were various between two polar types (L and T). The typical B-patches were observed not frequently. The skin smear test from the patches showed higher percentage of positive result in cases of erythematous patches and in male.
The chief complaints due to the damage of peripheral nerves in the extremities was observed in about 30% of total cases. Most of them complained hypoesthesia or anaesthesia of the extremities. Clinically, the thickness of ulnar nerve was observed most frequently. The common peroneal nerve of male case and the superficial branch of radial nerve of female case were thickened fairly frequently. Generally, the thickness of nerves was observed bilaterally.
Several percentage of the patients complained heat and driness of the extremities. It is due to the wide-spread patches and give a big trouble to farmers and out-door laborers in hot and dry season.
Generally speaking, the feature of chief complaints and clinical manifestation of Borderline cases were present just between L-type and T-type.
Over 60% of total cases complained the skin features and about 30% showed the smyptoms due to the peripheral nerve damage as the chief complaints. It will support the conclusion that patients can understand the general symptoms of the disease fairly well. In rural areas, the percentage of illiterate is still high but illiteracy seems not to have an influence on the clinical knowledge which general people have about leprosy. However, by removing illiteracy, they can go to clinics and hospitals for the treatment not tied down to the tradition. The changes of the situation in tradition and the progress in general education will be more important for women especially in the rural areas of the country.

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This reports results of the clinical, bacteriological, immunological and histological studies on 18 new borderline cases in Japan. These cases were clinically classified as BT (6 cases), BT/BB (2), BB (1), BB/BL (1), BL (7) and B (1). The maximum score of B.I. in these cases failed into two main groups, i.e., a group of B.I. 0 and that of B.I. 5-6. Results of the late lepromin reaction test were weak positive in 8 cases, doubtful in 4 and negative in 5. In 3 cases, lepromin test was done on both the inside and outside of their annular skin lesion, and there was no significant difference between them in all cases tested. The test by FLA-ABS method revealed significantly higher titers in BL group than in BT and BT/BB groups. Among 7 cases clinically diagnosed as BL, 5 cases were histologically classified as LL. Other one case showed different features in biopsy specimens of two different lesions.
Epitheloid cell granuloma in the foamy cell infiltration was observed in 6 cases. The granuloma varied from BT to BL with varying degrees of lymphocytic infiltration and appearance of giant cells. These changes were interpreted as those resulted from some acquired delayed hypersensitivity against Mycobac. leprae antigens which developed after lepromatous lesions were established. These findings are unusual in the new patient, and the changes observed were tentatively termed in this report as "reaction from L" because Ridley and Jopling's classification was not applicable in these cases. While "Madrid" classification has officially been adopted in Japan since 1979, several propositions on the classification in Japan are made in an attempt to prevent confusion in clinical and statistical studies on this disease.

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Amyloid-invaded intramucosal and musculasis mucosa nerves of the large intestines in two leprosy patients were studied with our modified Golgi Staining.
The main findings were as follows; 1) Amyloid deposition was found in the mucosa and the mucosal muscle as well as on the small arterial walls. 2) Both nerve fibers passing through the muscle layer and vasomotor nerves in myenteric plexus were degenerated, coarsed and decreased in number. 3) And the circumnutated nerve fibers were disappeared and/or degenerated in amyloid-deposited arterial walls.
With those findings, it might be possible to say that there are some lesions in sensory neurous at the mucosa of the colon with amyloid deposition.

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