Male mice, approximately 6 weeks of age, of 6 inbred strains (C 3 H, C57BL/6, DDD, BALB/c, KK and CF#1) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.005mg of M. avium, strain Kirchberg. Susceptibility to M. avium was evaluated mainly by the average survival time and visceral lesions of experimental animals.
C3H strain mice were confirmed to be resistant to the infection with M. avium. And mice of the other strains were susceptible. However, there was remarkable difference in average survival time beween KK and CF#1 group and C57BL/6, DDD and BALB/c group.
From the results of our earlier experiments with mouse leprosy, above mentioned difference in the susceptibility was assumed to be due to cell-mediated immunity developed in the hosts, excepting C 3 H strain.

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Comparative observations were made on the virulence of four strains of M. avium, Kirchberg, Nagoya #59, Flamingo and ATCC 19075, in five inbred strains of mice, C 3H, C 57 BL/6, DDD, BALB/c and KK. The virulence was evaluated by the average survival time and also by the grade of visceral lesions following intraperitoneal infection with 0.5mg and subcutaneous infection with 0.025mg of 14 day-culture of M. avium grown on 1% Ogawa's medium, as described in Parts 1 and 2 of this report.
Following the intraperitoneal infection, two strains, Kirchberg and Nagoya #59, were highly pathogenic for four strains of mice, C 57 BL/6, DDD, BALB/c and KK, causing a more severe infection than the others. Strain Flamingo was pathogenic for three strains, C 57 BL/6, BALB/c and KK, but slightly pathogenic for DDD strain. In contrast, in all the mice infected with ATCC 19075, only a few bacillus-containing cells were occasionally detected from their visceral organs even at 50 weeks, the end of this experiment. It is noted that C3H mice were very resistant to the infection with all the strains of M. avium tested, throughout the observation period.
The similar tendencies on the pathogenicity of M, avium were also demonstrated in the cases with subcutaneous infection.
The results of these experiments revealed that Kirchberg and Nagoya 59 were highly virulent, Flamingo was moderately virulent and ATCC 19075 was low virulent.

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At Ghatampur and Etawah clinics of JALMA in U. P. State, Inida, the effect of treatment for tuberculoid leprosy cases was examined around 1970. Thirty cases who showed complete disappearing of patches were selected. Out of them, about 90% cases had been treated for the period of 3-6 years with fairly regular attendance at the clinics. About the number of patches at the first consultation, 73% cases showed two or more patches and 27% had single patch. The number of patch seemed not to be a particular factor for disappearing of them when the patients could have fairly regular treatment.
Fifty-seven cases were consulted after long interruption of treatment at the same time. At the registration, diagnosis for them were T, MA or P type mainly. Out of them, 75 % moved to B, BL or L type and 25% to MA or T type. Many cases of P type moved to B or L type. It may be important to notice that by long interruption of treatment the disease moved to more progressed condition in some cases. And to avoid the interruption of treatment, health education is considered important and helpful.
In the year of 1973, the 8 th year after opening of Ghatampur clinic, 270 cases (72%)out of total 377 new registered patients from Ghatampur Tahsil were tuberculoid, and about 40% of the tuberculoid cases had single patch. For some cases of the tuberculoid leprosy, the patch will disappear with the treatment of shoter period or without treatment. For the most cases of new registered patients, however, suitable and regular treatment is indispensable, and for this purpose, again health education is most important and essential to patients and general society.

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Since 1978, experimental leprosy in nude-mice has been studied at Leprosy Research Laboratory, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Japan, according to the method of Kohsaka in Osaka University. The main purpose of the experiment was to get leprosy bacilli of nude-mine inoculated with M. lepae for our studies of cultivation of leprosy bacilli and histopathological and biochemical researches.
Fourty nude-mice used for the experiments were divided into 2 groups. Thirty nudemice in Group I were used for the experiment of inoculation with M. leprae. Ten nude-mice in Group II were used for the experiment of inoculation with M. lepraemurium. Nude-mice in Group II were bred in vinyl-isolator under SPF condition. Nudemice in Group II were bred under conventional condition. The materials and methods were summarized on Table I.
Thirty nude-mice in Group I were inoculated with 107 M. leprae on each right hind foot-pad at 6 Feb. 1979. Seven out of 30 nude-mice died at early stages within 10 months after the inoculation. Twenty-three nude-mice were left alive after 10 months when right hind foot-pads became swollen. Eleven out of 23 nude-mice could be sacrificed between 12.5 months and 19 months after the inoculation as shown on Table 2. Twelve out of 23 nude-mice with the swelling of right hind foot-pads died between 10 months and 24.5 months after the inoculation. All spleens of all sacrificed 11 nudemice were swollen.
Ten nude-mice in Group II were inoculated with 107 M. lepraemurium on each right hind foot-pad at 9 Oct. 1978. In this group, all nude-mice were sacrificed until 6 months after the inoculation. Each right hind foot-pad of the nude-mice became swollen at 1.5 months and the swelling became remarkable at 3 months after the inoculation.
Light-miroscopic findings of the lesions of nude-mice inoulated with M. lepaae in Group I were shown on Plates 3, 4, 5 and 6. Large amount of bacilli and foamy structures were observed in the lesions of swollen right hind foot-pads and spleens as shown on Plates 3, 5 and 6. Many bacilli were observed inside peripheral nerve, especially inside axon as shown on Plate 4.
Electron-microscopic findings of the lesions of nude-mice inoculated with M. leprae and M. lepraemurium were studied by ultra-thin sectioning, freeze-etching and shadowcasting methods.
Almost all of bacilli in Group I were long and slender with band structure on the cell wall as shown on Plate 7. Spherical droplets (intracytoplasmic foamy structures) similar to those of human lepra cells were observed around bacilli inside the phagolysosomes of macrophages of nude-mice inoculated with M. leprae in Group I as shown on Plates 8, 9 and 10. On the contrary, crystalline materials similar to those of C 3H strain mice inoculated with M. lepraemurium were observed around bacilli inside the macrophages of nude-mice inoculated with M. lepraemurium in Group II as shown on Plates 11 and 12.
These histopathological findings were clearly different between the lesions of nudemice inoculated with M. leprae and those of nude-mice inoculated with M. lepraemurium as shown on Table 3.

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